Summary On The Allegory Of Shirley Jacksons The Lottery

Shirley Jackson’s story â€Å"The Lottery† serves as an allegory regarding humankinds inherent to be cruel and society’s ability to inure to violence. The author’s use of a third-person dramatic narrative combined with strong themes, symbols and irony clearly supports the lesson Jackson was trying to portray. Jackson’s short story shows how easy it is to be hostile when a group of villagers with a herd mentality blindly follow an outdated tradition and that evil knows no boundaries. Jackson starts the story out depicting the day as â€Å"clear and sunny, with the fresh warmth of a full-summer day; the flowers were blossoming profusely and the grass was richly green† (Jackson 1). The village men were â€Å"speaking of planting and rain,†¦show more content†¦This statement supports what Jackson was trying to convey because rather than the villagers knowing the meaning behind the ritual, they can only remember the murderous, violent p art of it. This ceremony had become so customary and routine that even the children had made â€Å"piles of stones† ready to participate in the lottery. Children are supposed to be considered innocent and uncorrupt but in this story it just goes to show that cruelty is inherent. Jackson’s story also displays the theme of hypocrisy. The author uses the story’s target Tessie Hutchinson to represent that theme. The audience could assume that Tessie is well known village woman who only any normal day would partake in this event. When Tessie discovers her fate as the winner she becomes self-serving saying â€Å"it isn’t fair, it isn’t right† (Jackson 7). It is duplicitous because if she was not the victim then she would have no objections, but now that she is the fatality the lottery suddenly is corrupt. The author aimed to indicate that society has a predisposition to become habituated to unkind things so long as they believe they will not be ne gatively affected by it. The author uses contextual symbols and symbols in general to support â€Å"The Lottery’s† meaning. Mr. Summers name is an example of a contextual symbol. The word summer would make the audience think of new beginnings and positivity. Mr. Summers isShow MoreRelatedThe Lottery, By Shirley Jackson850 Words   |  4 Pages  «The lottery » by Shirley Jackson provides a good example how superstitions of people from a tiny town affect on those traditions. This story shows dark side of Humanity. Whole community entrusts their life with a small black box. The allegory can confuse you, because the main purpose of the  «lottery » is kill one of the citizens for a strange false belief. To my mind, the author tried to explain why new generation sometimes shouldn’t continue the weird and cruel traditions.  «The lottery » is anRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Lottery By Shirley Jackson844 Words   |  4 PagesThe Response Essay on  «The lottery » What is the difference between superstitions and traditions?  «The lottery » by Shirley Jackson provides a good example of how people’s superstitions from a tiny town affect those traditions. This story shows the dark side of Humanity. The whole community entrusts their lifes to a small black box. The allegory can confuse you, because the main purpose of the lottery kills one of the citizens for a strange false belief. To my mind, the author tried to explain whyRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagesas description, dialogue and action. Other incidents will be given relatively less emphasis through deliberate subordination. In the latter case, the author may shorten the dramatic elements of the scene or eliminate them altogether in favour of summary – in favour of telling, rather than showing. All these episodes, major or minor, need to advance the plot in precisely the same way or at the same pace, although the reader does hav e the right to expect that each will contribute in some way to a completed

Plant #2 Free Essays

1) Using budget data, 176,087 iPhone 4’s must be completed on a monthly basis in order for Danshui Plant No. 2 to break even. The first step is to calculate the contribution margin which is equal to the budgeted revenue, $41,240,000, minus the variable costs, $40,412,000, which gives us a contribution margin of $828,000. We will write a custom essay sample on Plant #2 or any similar topic only for you Order Now If we divide this number by the number of units, 200,000, we find the contribution margin per unit to be $4. 14. Now, all we need are the fixed costs, which are budgeted as $729,000 per month. Plugging these values into the break-even point formula we find BEP=729,000/4. 14=176,087 units. ) Using budget data, the total expected cost per unit is $205. 70 and the actual cost per unit is $211. 94. Since manufacturing and shipping are both taken into account we need to focus on both variable and fixed costs. To find the total expected cost per unit we must add the budgeted variable costs, $40,411,000, and add them to the budgeted fixed costs, $729,000, and divide the sum of these numbers by 200,000 units. This gives the result of $205. 70 expected cost per unit. To find the actual cost per unit the process is the same except we use the data from the actual column in exhibit three. So we have the variable costs at $37,412,000, add the fixed costs of $736,000 to this number, then divide by the number of units, 180,000, and we find the actual total cost per unit to be $211. 94. 3) In order to prepare a flexible budget for 180,000 iPhone 4’s you can either use exhibit 1 and values and multiply them by the number of units, 180,000, or you can do what I did, which is take the values in the monthly budged section of exhibit 3 and multiply them by 9/10 which is the simplification of 180,000/200,000. Here are all the values I calculated: Revenue:$37,116,000 Flash Memory:$4,860,000 Application Process:$1,935,000 Chips-Phone:$2,529,000 Gyroscope:$468,000 8 Other Chips:$12,771,000 Total Variable Costs From Materials:$22,563,000 Variable Supplies and Tools Labor:$11,256,300 Assembly and Packing:$2,359,800 Shipping:$190,800 Total Variable Costs:$36,369,900 Factory Rent:$400,000 Machine Depreciation:$150,000 Utility Fee and Taxes:$52,000 Supervision:$127,000 Total Fixed Costs:$729,000 Total Costs:$37,098,900 Net Income:$17,100. The variance for each respective value (in order) is to be indicated by an H or L. H meaning that the actual value is higher than the flexible budget value, and L meaning that the actual value is lower than the flexible budget value. The variances are 0 units, $360,000H, $389,000H, 0, 0, 0, $128,000L, $261,000H, $48,700H, $732,200H, $200H, $1,042,100H, 0, 0, 0, $7,000H, $7,000H, $1,049,100H, $689,100L. How to cite Plant #2, Papers

Understanding Organization Approaches Theory and Practice

Question: Describe about the Understanding Organization Approaches for Theory and Practice. Answer: The diversity of the approaches used by organizations to execute their managerial activities has contributed to the existence of several philosophies regarding the managerial theories for organizational structures. The nature of the internal and external environment of operations has defined the nature of implementations and success achieved in the organizations as well as the associated challenges and risks. This paper evaluates the concepts associated with the Organizational Culture Theory and the Dynamic Capabilities Theory as applied to the Google Inc. set up. The paper gives an overview of the firm and highlights the philosophies related to the theories. The paper examines how the two theories have been applied and the resultant effects. Under the limitations, the paper outlines the challenges that emanated based on the approaches that were taken as mitigation measures. Finally, the excerpt suggests a set of recommendations that the organization could adopt for success and effec tiveness. The paper concludes that the two theories assisted the organization to solve the existing challenges, but the aspect of long-term view was not incorporated. Overview of the Organization Google is an American-based multinational corporation that specializes in technology where the company is offering services and products that are internet-based. The organization has focused the available resources assisting in filling the gaps regarding technology needs within the corporate sector. The firm, therefore, offers online advertisement services, search engines, a variety of software and cloud computing. The larger part of the income for the organization is derived from the Adwords, which is a technique that is used within the website portals to place several advertisements close to search results (Google Inc. 2016). Sergey Brin and Larry Page founded the Google Inc., and the rate of growth has seen the organization being listed among the profitable ventures across the globe. In 2015, the firm reorganized was structure and interests as Alphabet Inc. leading to Google being the primary subsidiary for the former. The restructuring of the business increased the capacity of th e firm to enjoy rapid growth and external investments boosting the anticipated income margins. Currently, the firm has over 57,000 employees with headquarters at Googleplex, Mountain View, California. The organization is proud to be running over one million data center servers across the world (Google Inc. 2016). Overview of the Dynamic Capabilities Theory The existence of diversity in the resource base for organizations creates the need to achieve the anticipated goals based on the set objective and the nature of engagements. The dynamic capabilities theory of organizations describes the how organization need to develop competencies that are essential when adapting to changes within the environment of operation based on the available resources and the outlined methodologies of achieving the set goals and objectives (Pisano 1999; Pisano 2001). The focus of the organization is built around the need to react adequately and timely when faced with a dynamic change, which depends on the multiple capabilities within the organization structure and resources (Maliutin 2015). The competence, interest, experience, and levels of motivation of the workers determine to what extent the rapid changes will be controlled and managed. The theory affirms that the extent to which changes are managed based on available resources in an organizational enviro nment defines the success of the organization. Moreover, the theory ascertains the magnitude of achievement within a firm regarding the creation of a sustainable and competent atmosphere as well as enhancing the rate of growth and development depends not only on the input resources but also on the available skills and experiences. Furthermore, it is essential to recognize that the existence of the concepts explained in the theory as factors determining the success of a change process such as the internal and external capabilities may lead to either organizational uncertainties or success. Such occurrence depends on the approaches, policies, and the culture of the organization (Wright 2016; Miles 2012). However, several techniques exist that can be applied to enhance the capabilities of an organization such restructuring, cooperation and mergers, and use of technology. Overview of the Organizational Culture Theory The organizational culture theory describes how firms can adopt psychological and social factors that will define how the organization will be operating (Denison and Mishra 1995). Such an environment is essential when one is seeking to organize an enterprise, offer leadership assistance, or even to solve the problems emanating from the internal and external environment associated with the corporation (Fichtner and Freiling 2002). According to the theory, several scenarios occur in a business environment depending on the industry, the brands and services, the nature of resources, and the capital of operation among other internal and external environment factors (Miles 2012). The establishment of a culture is a process when offering the leadership responses, making improvement and decisions, and setting strategies for implementation. Therefore, an organization can be assessed based on a particular complex state that outlines the existence and state of employees, the customers, and the activities of the business. Moreover, the theory is based on the capacity of leaders to maintain a consistent methodology of operation based on internal and external influences while initiating structures within their scope of operation. The factors of competence and experience are essential in defining the success of the applicability of this theory. The theory presents organizations as entities that are complex but adaptive in nature that can depend on active management and planning that abides to the culture of the firm. The process of creating a culture involves typical methods to design, manage, and control the organization and the associated activities, which focuses on the tasks, challenges, resources, and environment. The goal of the management should be fixed towards aligning and fitting the set objectives based on the existing circumstances (Hallett 2003). Case Analysis of the Theories: Organizational Evaluation Dynamic Capabilities Theory in Google Company The motto of the Google Inc. has been Dont be Evil, which may seem eccentric because the focus of the business activities is to generate profit. However, the organization has been adhering to this directive over the years. Each of the activities carried out by the firm has been based on the needs of the customers and the corporate market. The need to integrate the interests and desires of the targeted population to derive preference has made the business to evaluate each market trend and apply necessary measures. The experience and expertise in understanding the market has enabled the business to make effective decisions. The company has been keen in employing the philosophies of the famous dynamic capabilities theory to make critical internal and external moves and implementation within the organization. The operation and the revenue of the business as limited regarding the scope of service and the company needed a stable baseline of operation. Therefore, the organization decided to reorganize the interest of the firm to be a holding company. In 2005, Google Inc. was announced as the primary subsidiary of Alphabet Inc., which gave the company an opportunity to increase the products and services in the market as well as enhancing their scope of operation (Yarow 2015). Since then the business has been enjoying the rapid growth, acquisitions, and partnerships meant to increase the profit margin. According to the dynamic capabilities theory, the capacity to handle an existing scenario in a corporation include a strategy meant to succinctly adjust to changes in the business objectives and the making of effective decisions based on respective assessments (Schweizer, Rogbeer, and Michaelis 2015). Therefore, when Google Inc. was making lower profits, the move to become a holding company was concurrent with the need for higher profit. The organization has to make bi-dimensional thinking and analysis on ways to maintain the customers needs, preferences, and loyalty as well as generating high returns. The decision of being a primary subsidiary of Alphabet Inc. was reached through a thorough analysis with the board of management and investment experts. The company considered making different measures and prepare for the associated risks (Smithson 2015). Furthermore, the evaluation of the assumptions of the theory gives credit not only to the expertise of the organizations management but also to their experience in evaluating the scenarios by incorporating the internal and external factors to minimize the associated risks. The group has achieved the part of the profit targets, and more effort is focused towards creating a culture that will sustain and guarantee profitability. Organizational Culture Theory in Google Company Google Inc. is proud being part of the private organization offering over 50,000 employment opportunities to different people across the globe. The firm has worked towards the improvement of the working conditions of the employees as measure to create an innovative culture for the firm (Google Inc. 2016). Previously, the company was offering the lowest remunerations for their workers within the industry compared to their competitors such as the Silicon Valley firms. Google Inc. faced the challenges of maintaining their employees and acquiring the best skills for the organizational development. The burden lies with the management that needs to ensure that the subordinates deliver the expected results. Therefore, it was crucial for the firm to undertake measures that will improve the relationship between the subordinates and the principal for the success of the organization. The motivation for workers and better working terms and conditions are essential to the interests of the employe es to be within the scope of operation of the organization. According to the organizational culture theory, the process of developing a suitable culture for effective production of goods and services, including sustaining the welfare of workers, defines the success of the team when management compensation is applied (Lavine 2006). Therefore, the company undertook several measures including the harmonization of the workers pay within the industry in addition to production costs. The management resorted to increasing the salary of the employees as well as maintaining the benefits that were used for retention purposes. The reorganization of the company required the commitment of the employees as well as a close corporate association between the management and the workers to enhance the implementation of the strategic plan (Yarow 2015). The position as a major subsidiary of the Alphabet Inc. came with the need for a long-term view to the anticipated success and greater focus on inputs and outcomes by controlling the production costs within the firm. To achieve a better working environment, the company offers the employees additional services such as free daycare, transport facilitation, social, and recreational facilities within the workplace to improve their dedication and interest towards work. Besides, as a mea sure to improve innovation, the employees are expected to apply the 70/20/10 strategy each day. Each worker is supposed to dedicate their efforts towards implementing the existing policies, which is estimated to take 70% of their daily working hours. On the other hand, 20% is channeled towards the evaluation of their implementations to ascertain the extent of success and possibility of risks. Finally, the remaining 10% is for innovative thinking to steer the objectives of the firm to successful heights (Thompson 2016). Such a move was essential in developing the culture of the firm. Limitations The focus on the organizational culture and dynamic capabilities in management affairs has increased the level of creativity within the organization. The company has introduced many products in the market within a very short period. The business has been growing at a rapid rate. The influence of the products from the firm is felt within the targeted market and the competition circles. However, a corresponding revenue margin has not been witnessed (Smithson 2015). The business has used resources to study the need for their potential and existing customers and through innovation designed the brands and services that align with the needs of the market. Therefore, the products are preferred than those from competitors; however, a significant revenue is not achieved since new and improved products are created. The company does not have a clear focus on the resource management approaches meant to strike a balance between the capital invested and the anticipated and real profit margins. Furthermore, the success of the business is tied to the frequency of the use of search engines integrated with advertisements. The management, seeking to increase the profit capacity, introduced the free products to enhance the number of those who will be reached with the search engine advertisements that is incorporated within the Internet-based products. Therefore, the need to reach more people increased the number of free products, which reduced the profit margin and the revenue collected from the activities of the business. Moreover, the approaches employed to enhance and support the culture of the business have increased the wage and remuneration expenses since the additional motivation benefits meant to increase employees commitment are capital intensive such as the social services, transportation, and daycare. Such a move cannot allow the company to reap high returns from the capital invested in the developed products (Thompson 2016; Yarow 2015). Recommendations As a manager, Google Inc. should consider taking managerial and structural adjustments and focus. The business needs to consider balancing the resources used to facilitate the production of products and services for the targeted market and the revenue that emanates from such brands over a particular period (Yilmazer and Schrank 2010). The processes of setting up the necessary factors of a measure will assist in making the decision based not only on the existing circumstances but also on the ability of the firm to sustain the associated risks. A possibility exists for a business to make substantial revenue by underutilizing the current potential and resources (Sitlington 2012). Such a scenario may result in a slower rate of growth than when the organization is committed to maximizing the existing avenues to generate extra income. The organizational culture approach is not always reliable since the business sometimes needs to apply previously designed methodologies of leadership and de cision-making whenever the circumstances correspond to sample problems. Moreover, the organization should be caution when seeking to improve the capabilities of the firm not to increase the cost of operation or deviate from the corporate goals and objectives. Therefore, the firm should focus on essential human resource requirements and compliance and control the motivational approaches to human resource team (Nankervis and Stanton 2010). Conclusion In conclusion, the Google Inc. has been operating as a multinational technology company based in the United States. The organizations management has been keen in evaluating the market trends and integrating essential elements in the production of products and services. A succinct analysis of the organizational performance and management shows how the activities of the firm majorly revolve around the organizational culture theory and the dynamic capabilities theory. The leadership of the organization has concentrated on improving the welfare of the employees and increasing the shareholder's wealth, which has affected the revenue margin. The business capitalized on the competition in the industry and focused on producing products and services regularly to cater to the changing needs of the organization; however, such a move increased the number of free products to enhance the amount of profit generated from product-based advertisements within the search engines. Nevertheless, the compa ny needs also to focus on the resource-based organizational management to ensure that the inputs correlate to the generated revenue over the distinct periods. Besides, the business needs to control the measures used to enhance the culture and capabilities of the organization to avoid increased overhead costs and expenditure, which tend to reduce the revenue margin. References Denison, D. R. and Mishra, A. K., 1995. Toward a theory of organizational culture and effectiveness, Organization Science, 6(2), pp. 204223. Fichtner, H. and Freiling, J., 2002. Organizational culture, organizational ambiance Competences: A competence-based theory of the firm, SSRN Electronic Journal, 110(1). Google Inc., 2016. About the Company Google. Available at: https://www.google.com/about/company/(Accessed: 7 September 2016) Hallett, T., 2003. Symbolic power and organizational culture, Sociological Theory, 21(2), pp. 128149. Levine, S., 2006. High performance organizations: Creating a culture of agreement, Handbook of Business Strategy, 7(1), pp. 375380. Maliutin, A., 2015. Managing changes in the Innovational activity of regional organizations, Problems of Economic Transition, 57(9), pp. 5461. Miles, R. E., 2012. The centrality of organization design, Journal of Organization Design, 1(1). Nankervis, A. and Stanton, P., 2010. Managing employee performance in small organisations: Challenges and opportunities, International Journal of Human Resources Development and Management, 10(2), p. 136. Pisano, G. P., 2001. Towards a prescriptive theory of dynamic capabilities: Connecting strategic choice, learning, and competition, SSRN Electronic Journal, 183. Pisano, G. P., 1999. A normative theory of dynamic capabilities: Connecting strategy, know- how, and competition, SSRN Electronic Journal, 18. Schweizer, L., Rogbeer, S. and Michaelis, B., 2015. The dynamic capabilities perspective: From fragments to meta-theory, Management Research Review, 38(7), pp. 662684. Sitlington, H., 2012. Knowledge sharing: Implications for downsizing and restructuring outcomes in Australian organisations, Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 50(1), pp. 110127. Smithson, N., 2015. Googles organizational structure organizational culture - Panmore institute. Available at:https://panmore.com/google-organizational-structure-organizational-culture(Accessed: 7 September 2016) Thompson, S., 2016. Googles business leadership and organizational culture, Small Business Chron, Wright, J., 2016. A theory of situated creativity and organizational dynamic capabilities, IJASOS- International E-journal of Advances in Social Sciences, 2(5), p. 485. Yarow, J., 2015. Google just announced a massive overhaul of its business structure. Available at:https://www.businessinsider.com/google-new-operating-structure-2015-8(Accessed: 7 September 2016) Yilmazer, T. and Schrank, H., 2010. The use of owner resources in small and family owned businesses: Literature review and future research directions, Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 31(4), pp. 399413.

Ufos (1596 words) Essay Example For Students

Ufos (1596 words) Essay UfosWe once believed that Earth is the only planet in the Universe that supports life. Today there is overwhelming evidence that not only suggests, but supports the very real possibility that we may share the Universe with other intelligent beings. I. Things in the Sky A. The First Documented Sighting B. The Fever Spreads 1. Pilot Encounters 2. The Lights in the Sky II. Dents in the Earth III. We will write a custom essay on Ufos (1596 words) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Unexplained Phenomenon A. The Writing on the Wall B. Geodes IV. What About Religion? A. The Christian Bible B. The Ancient Greeks C. The American Indian V. Conclusion We are not Alone. On June 24th, 1947 while searching for the remains of a downed Marine C-46 transport, lost somewhere in the Mount Ranier area, a young Idahoan businessman named Kenneth Arnold spotted something that would change his life forever. Just north of his position flying at an altitude of 9,500 feet and an unprecedented airspeed of 1,700 mph he spotted nine circular aircraft flying in formation. According to his estimate the aircraft were approximately the size of a DC-4 airliner ( Jackson 4). This account was the first sighting to ever receive a great deal of media attention. This sighting gave birth to the phrase flying Saucer coined by a reporter named Bill Begrette. Although not the first UFO sighting in history, Kenneth Arnolds account is considered to be the first documented UFO sighting. The following day Mr. Arnold discovered that in addition to his sighting there were several others in the Mount Ranier area that same day (Jackson 6). When most of think of UFO sightings we picture an unemployed, half- crazed, alcoholic hick living in a trailer park in the middle small town USA. Often times this description, although a little exaggerated, seems to fit fairly well. In the past when the average person spotted a UFO they were quickly discounted as a kook or con-artist in search of either attention or monetary reward. It wasnt until more reputable figures in our society began to come forward that we that we started looking at this issue a little more seriously. An article written 1957, entitled Strange lights over Grenada written by Aime Michel describes just such an account: At 10:35 p.m. on September the 4th, 1957 Cpt Ferreira ordered his wing to abandon a planned exercise and execute a 50 degree turn to port. Ferreira was attempting to get a closer look at what he described as brilliant, pulsating light hanging low over the horizon. When the turn was completed he noticed that the object had turned too. It was still directly over his left. There was absolutely no doubt that the orange light was shadowing the F-84s. For another 10 minutes, it followed the jets without changing direction or appearance. The pilots watched as four small yellow discs broke away from the large red object and took up a formation on either side of it. All at once the large luminous disc shot vertically upward while the smaller discs shot straight towards the F-84s. In an instant the flat disc sped overhead in a hazy blur and vanished. When Cpt Ferriera was questioned by Portuguese Air Force Investigators he was quoted as sayingPlease dont come out with the old explanation that we were being chased by the planet Venus, weather balloons, or freak atmospheric conditions. What we saw up there was real and intelligently controlled. And it scared the hell out of us. (32) This is only one of literally hundreds of pilot accounts that have been documented and cross verified by other sources. To date the Portuguese Government has taken no official position as to what the luminous discs were. .ua0c68226fc520ca484e498866ff0055d , .ua0c68226fc520ca484e498866ff0055d .postImageUrl , .ua0c68226fc520ca484e498866ff0055d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua0c68226fc520ca484e498866ff0055d , .ua0c68226fc520ca484e498866ff0055d:hover , .ua0c68226fc520ca484e498866ff0055d:visited , .ua0c68226fc520ca484e498866ff0055d:active { border:0!important; } .ua0c68226fc520ca484e498866ff0055d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua0c68226fc520ca484e498866ff0055d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua0c68226fc520ca484e498866ff0055d:active , .ua0c68226fc520ca484e498866ff0055d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua0c68226fc520ca484e498866ff0055d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua0c68226fc520ca484e498866ff0055d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua0c68226fc520ca484e498866ff0055d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua0c68226fc520ca484e498866ff0055d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua0c68226fc520ca484e498866ff0055d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua0c68226fc520ca484e498866ff0055d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua0c68226fc520ca484e498866ff0055d .ua0c68226fc520ca484e498866ff0055d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua0c68226fc520ca484e498866ff0055d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Causes Of World War I Essay The United States has had more than its fair share of unexplained aerial objects. In February of 1960 the N.A.A. D.S. (North American Air Defense System) spotted a satellite of unknown origin orbiting the Earth. They knew that it snt a Soviet satellite because it was orbiting perpendicular to trajectory produced by a Soviet launch. It also had a mass estimated at 15 metric tons, no evidence of booster rockets and traveled at speed three times faster than any known satellite. The satellite orbited for two weeks and disappeared without a trace. Before its disappearance, the object which appeared to give off a red glow, was photographed over New York several times (Jackson 19). Lights in the sky arent the only evidence that suggests we may have cosmic company. In the book A History of UFO Crashes, the author Kevin D. Randal gives detailed accounts of numerous UFO crashes in history. Perhaps the most famous of these crashes occurred on July 4th, 1947 in Roswell New Mexico. The crash at Roswell was witnessed from afar by over a hundred people. Until just recently, no one who was involved in the recovery operation was talking, but thanks to continued pressure from UFO enthusiast our government has begun to declassify much of its UFO related material. Perhaps more startling are than the government documents are the accounts given by local police and members of the recovery team. According to one unnamed witness, a member of the Roswell recovery team: The crash site was littered with pieces of aircraft. Something about the size of a fighter plane had crashed, the metal was unlike anything Id ever seen before. I picked up a piece the size of a car fender with one hand, it couldnt have more than a quarter of a pound and no matter how hard I tried I couldnt even get it to bend. (10) In my opinion the most fascinating piece of evidence to come out of the Roswell crash is the alien autopsy film. Apparently there was more than bits and pieces of spaceship recovered at Roswell. There is an Air Force video account of an autopsy being performed on a life form that doesnt share the common characteristics of organ development found in life forms on this planet. The film is silent and labeled Autopsy, Roswell, July 1947 (Randal 17). As difficult as the Roswell evidence is to explain or discount it pales in comparison to the physical evidence left by our ancestors. An Illustration taken from a Nuremburg Broadsheet Tells how men and women saw a very frightful spectacle. At sunrise April 14th, 1561 globes, crosses and tubes began to fight one another, the event continued for about an hour. Afterward they fell to ground in flames, minutes later a black, spear like object appeared. In a Basal Broadsheet dated August 7th, 1566 large black and white globes are seen over Dasel, Switzerland. Both events occurred in a time period when there should have nothing more than birds and bees filling our skies. They each considered to be Divine warnings at the time (Gould 95-96). Ancient physical evidence isnt limited to newspaper illustration and sketches on cave wall. Perhaps the most stounding and unexplainable pieces of physical evidence are a pair of geodes. Both are believed to be approximately 1,800 years old and when carefully examined were identified as electrical cells. One of the cells which was discovered in Iraq was tested and produced 2 volts of electricity. The other, which was discovered by a pair of Arizona rock hounds, was damaged when the sedimentary encrustation was being removed and therefore couldnt be tested Montgomery 221). Since the dawn of time man has told stories of heavenly and demonic beings coming to rule, teach, torment, seduce and provide salvation. Every culture has myths of ancient gods who strode through the heavens. The American Indians had the cachinas who taught them to farm and saved them from numerous cataclysms. .u1abed98cf88937e7d4e8104bae9e97bb , .u1abed98cf88937e7d4e8104bae9e97bb .postImageUrl , .u1abed98cf88937e7d4e8104bae9e97bb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1abed98cf88937e7d4e8104bae9e97bb , .u1abed98cf88937e7d4e8104bae9e97bb:hover , .u1abed98cf88937e7d4e8104bae9e97bb:visited , .u1abed98cf88937e7d4e8104bae9e97bb:active { border:0!important; } .u1abed98cf88937e7d4e8104bae9e97bb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1abed98cf88937e7d4e8104bae9e97bb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1abed98cf88937e7d4e8104bae9e97bb:active , .u1abed98cf88937e7d4e8104bae9e97bb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1abed98cf88937e7d4e8104bae9e97bb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1abed98cf88937e7d4e8104bae9e97bb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1abed98cf88937e7d4e8104bae9e97bb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1abed98cf88937e7d4e8104bae9e97bb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1abed98cf88937e7d4e8104bae9e97bb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1abed98cf88937e7d4e8104bae9e97bb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1abed98cf88937e7d4e8104bae9e97bb .u1abed98cf88937e7d4e8104bae9e97bb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1abed98cf88937e7d4e8104bae9e97bb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Financial Ratio And Operating Indicator Analysis Accounting Essay Greece had Zeus who threw lightning bolts from his finger tips and Apollo crossed the sky in his golden chariot. The Christians have Ecclesiastes who encountered the ant people and rode through the skies with them from Babylon to Israel. Across the entire globe we find drawings on cave walls that resemble men in space suits and objects that greatly resemble flying saucers. The sacred artwork of the Hopi Indian when is without a doubt a representation of the waves produced by modern day oscilloscopes (Montgomery 225-237). The Hopis are also native to the area where one of the electrical cells were found. It could be that these things are no more than mere coincidence, but I doubt it. Man in his arrogance is reluctant to believe that we may share Gods vast, glorious universe with other beings of intelligence. We sometimes fail to realize that if the Earth were a day old, the race of man would only have been here for 13 minutes. If you couple that with the fact that there are Black Holes and White Dwarfs millions of years older than our sun, it increases the improbability that we are the only ones out here. In the preceding text I have produced a limited sampling of the volumes of evidence available. I will close this paper on a quote from Ecclesiastes I:9 there is no new thing under the sun, and that includes intelligent life. BibliographyUFOs BibliographyMontgomery, Ruth. Aliens Among Us. New York: G.P Putnums Sons, 1985 Randle, Kevin. A History of UFO Crashes. Avon Books,1995 New Jersey: Chartwell Books, 1995 Michel, Aime. Strange lights over Grenada. Fate Magazine. Aug. 1957. 29-32 Oddities. New York: Bell PC, 1965. Jackson, Robert. UFOs: Sightings of Strange Phenomena in the Skies. BibliographyEcclesiastes. Holy Bible. Nashville, Tennessee: Thomas Nelson, 1976. Gould, Robert.

Technology Assisted collaborative communications The WritePass Journal

Technology Assisted collaborative communications Introduction Technology Assisted collaborative communications IntroductionReference:Related Introduction Netiquette is a social convention adopted by internet users on the web that help interact over networks ranging from mailing to blogs and forums and live chat. Since the internet has changed rapidly, its netiquette does too, the need for a sense of netiquette arises mostly when sending or distributing e-mail, chatting or posting comments. To some point, the practice of netiquette relies on accepting how e-mail, chatting or other aspects of the internet work or is practiced. For example, on an email discussion list – not everyone may have seen past message- it’s considered polite to quote from a message you’re replying to, so your response has context. It is considered that to keep quotes short and relevant. Web based forum, on the other hand where the original messages are visible to all, quoting is unnecessary. Netiquette is a term referring to a good behaviour while connected to the internet below is some good and bad examples of netiquette while using the internet facilities. Good Examples: Requesting permission for images and extra intellectual rights from the author and owners. Using proper grammar and spelling Not Using someone else’s identity such as name and pretending to be someone else Not posting something illegal Not using abusive and threatening language. Not post racist comments Not trying to capture personal information about someone Bad Examples: Trying to be someone else and using their personal information and their identity Using foul language in a message or in a live chat Posting comments on racism To gather private information about someone Netiquette is communicating clearly online; this helps students with their learning as it gives the students a guide on   how to speak or type in a message or to people using online communication tools such as Facebook, Skype or Windows live Messenger.   This helped me to attempt my assignment one as it was a group assignment we had to use online communication tools in order to communicate. We clearly used appropriate language to communicate and sent brief short message emails to each of the group members. As a group we used appropriate behaviour to communicate with each other and it helped us into attempting assignment one it helped us to keep quotes short and relevant and easy to read. Throughout this module we had to attempt Assignment one; and in order to do that we had to communicate we each other as it was a group assignment. As we didn’t have time to communicate all the time due to other modules and other coursework and not everyone in our group was doing the same modules, we had to communicate by online communication using Skype, Facebook and Windows live messenger. We used mainly Skype as we were able to communicate as a group and not individual. Using online communication was an advantage for us as a group this is because we communicated anywhere, we didn’t have to discuss everything face to face or coming to the university and discussing the work, we discussed it over Skype and other online communication in order to help each other out for the group assignment and how to attempt each part. Blackboard was also used; it was used in order get in touch with the lecturer we posted comments in the discussion forum as a group or individual to get he lp with the assignments and other work relating to the lecturer. Online communications are used to be reserved for emails sent to co-workers and bosses. Today, however, emails and online conferences and other different methods kinds of online communications have not only become widely accepted, but often preferred to other methods. Online communications can offer several advantages and disadvantages. There is convenience; users don’t need to wait in for the other person to be available in order to get the message to them, they can just send an email.   Today for better communications, we can avail the facilities of e-mail, we can chat for hours. There are plenty messenger tools in present, these services it has become easy to start a friendship where users can share their thoughts. Advantages of Instant messaging is; users are able to send message in real time, free to use, having to have a proper face to face conversation without making a large bill and users are able to chat to more than one person at the same time. However there are disadvantages in using online communications. Some people decide to send viruses via email and in the processing infecting the user computers. Virus email can be difficult in order to be detected especially to someone with a very little knowledge of computer viruses and how they work. It’s not only emails that are the downside of online communications there are more such Instant messaging, the downside of instant messaging is that viruses can be sent via files, needs internet connection and computer and last of you don’t who you are really talking too. As technology progresses and the world has become more reliant up on internet functions online learning has gained popularity and functionality.   I personally can say it has benefited me, as it enables me to access it 24 hours a day 7 days a week. I am able to have the ability to read and re read lectures, discussion, explanations and comments. Each student has their personal way of learning some can learn visually and others do better when they â€Å"learn by doing†.   As online learning has benefited me I can study the lectures and materials of the modules on my own time or whenever I have the access to a computer or to the internet, it allows me to work at my own pace when learning modules. As I can choose when I want to work on my studies, I am more likely to devote my full attention to the task and not be distracted to comprehend to the lesson.   One of greatest things about online learning is that I can learn anywhere this is a benefit to me as I can learn even in the comfort of my own home; this can save me countless hours of transits. Instead of enduring a boring and often a stressful- rush to get to class at a horrible hour of the morning, I can use these hours for actual learning. Normally I often have more one on one interaction with my lecturers as correspondence through email is essential as my lecturers will know more about me and they way I learn and needs than a student they see two or three times a week in their lecturers. Online learning has not benefited me in this course; this is because in all of my modules it is required that we attend lectures and tutorials so for that we don’t miss out in anything important. Throughout the course, I’ve tried learning some things online, but it was a fail. It was only clear if the lecturer explained it, there was no point learning it online or any other way as it wasn’t clear enough. Online learning is a benefit in some of the modules but for this modules is not, when the work is set is required we practice it there and there so therefore there is no need to learn something online. Online learning does benefit some students in the course as for them they think it’s better to learn in this method, but for some it’s the other way around they think it’s better to attend lectures and tutorials to learn the module. Reference: Netiquette: Erin Hoffman. (2005). what is netiquette. Available: wisegeek.com/contest/what-is-netiquette.htm. Last accessed 28th March 2011. Wendy Grossman. (2010). what is netiquette. Available: bbc.co.uk/webwise/guides/about-netiquette. Last accessed 4th April 2011. Advantages and disadvantages: Jayashree Pakhare. (2006). Advantages and Disadvantages of Internet. Available: buzzle.com/articles/advantages-disadvantages-internet.html. Last accessed 4 April 2011.

The Setting for Williams A Streetcar Named Desire

The Setting for Williams' 'A Streetcar Named Desire' The setting for A Streetcar Named Desire is a modest, two-room flat in New Orleans. This simple set is viewed by the various characters in sharply contrasting ways- ways that directly reflect the dynamics of the characters. This clash of views speaks to the heart of the plot of this popular play. An Overview of the Setting A Streetcar Named Desire, written by Tennessee Williams is set in the French Quarter of New Orleans. The year is 1947- the same year in which the play was written. All of the action of A Streetcar Named Desire takes place on the first floor of a two-bedroom apartment.The set is designed so that the audience can also see outside and observe characters on the street. Blanches View of New Orleans Theres a classic episode of The Simpsons in which Marge Simpson lands the role of Blanche DuBois in a musical version of A Streetcar Named Desire. During the opening number, the Springfield cast sings: New Orleans!Stinking, rotten, vomiting, vile!New Orleans!Putrid, brackish, maggoty, foul!New Orleans!Crummy, lousy, rancid, and rank! After the show aired, the Simpsons producers received a lot of complaints from Louisiana citizens. They were highly offended by the disparaging lyrics. Of course, the character of Blanche DuBois, the faded Southern belle without a dime, would completely agree with the cruel, satirical lyrics. To her, New Orleans, the setting of A Streetcar Named Desire,  represents the ugliness of reality. To Blanche, the crude people that live on the street called Elysian Fields represent the decline of civilized culture. Blanche, the tragic protagonist of Tennessee Williams play, grew up on a plantation called Belle Reve (a French phrase meaning beautiful dream). Throughout her childhood, Blanche was accustomed to gentility and wealth. As the estates wealth evaporated and her loved ones died off, Blanche held on to fantasies and delusions. Fantasies and delusions, however, are very difficult to cling to in the basic two-room apartment of her sister Stella, and specifically in the company of Stellas domineering and brutal husband, Stanley Kowalski. The Two-Room Flat A Streetcar Named Desire takes place two years after the end of World War II. The entire play is staged in the cramped flat in a particularly low-income area of the French Quarter. Stella, Blanches sister, has left her life at Belle Reve in exchange for the exciting, passionate (and sometimes violent) world that her husband Stanley has to offer. Stanley Kowalski thinks of his small apartment as his kingdom. During the day, he works in a factory. At night he enjoys bowling, playing poker with his buddies, or making love to Stella. He sees Blanche as an intruder to his environment. Blanche occupies the room adjacent to theirs- so close that it impinges on their privacy. Her garments are strewn about the furniture. She adorns lights with paper lanterns to soften their glare. She hopes to soften the light in order to look younger; she also hopes to create a sense of magic and charm within the apartment. However, Stanley does not want her fantasy world to encroach upon his domain. In the play, the tightly-squeezed setting is a key factor in the drama: It provides instant conflict. Art and Cultural Diversity in the French Quarter Williams offers multiple perspectives on the plays setting. In the plays beginning, two minor female characters are chatting. One woman is black, the other white. The ease with which they communicate demonstrates the casual acceptance of diversity in the French Quarter. Williams is presenting here a view of the neighborhood as having a thriving, exuberant atmosphere, one that nurtures an open-minded sense of community. In the low-income world of Stella and Stanley Kowalski, racial segregation appears to be nonexistent, a sharp contrast to the elitist realms of the old South (and Blanche Dubois childhood). As sympathetic, or pathetic, as Blanche may appear throughout the play, she often says intolerant remarks about class, sexuality (in the case of her homosexual husband who was devastated by her negative comments), and ethnicity. In fact, in an ironic moment of dignity (given his brutality in other contexts), Stanley insists that Blanche refer to him as an American (or at least Polish-American) rather than use the derogatory term: Polack. Blanches refined and disappeared world was one of brutal racism and denigration. The beautiful, refined world she longs for never existed. In the present as well, Blanche maintains this blindness. For all of Blanches preaching about poetry and art, she cannot see the beauty of the jazz and blues which permeate her present setting. She is trapped in a so-called refined, yet racist past and Williams, highlighting the contrast to that past, celebrates the uniquely American art form, the music of the blues. He uses it to provide transitions for many of the plays scenes. This music can be seen to represent the change and hope in the new world, but it goes unnoticed to Blanches ears. Belle Reves style of aristocracy has died away and its art and genteel customs are no longer relevant to Kowalskis post-war America. Gender Roles After World War II The war brought innumerable changes to American society. Millions of men traveled overseas to face the Axis powers, while millions of women joined the workforce and the war effort at home. Many women discovered for the first time their independence and tenacity. After the war, most of the men returned to their jobs. Most of the women, often reluctantly, returned to the roles as homemakers. The home itself became the site of a new clash. This post-war tension between the roles of the sexes is another, very subtle thread in the conflict in the play. Stanley wants to dominate his home in the same way males had dominated American society before the war. While the main female characters in Streetcar, Blanche and Stella, are not women who are seeking the socio-economic independence of the workplace, they are women who had money in their youth and, to that degree, were not subservient. This theme is most evident in Stanleys well-known quote from Scene 8: What do you think you are? A pair of queens? Now just remember what Huey Long said- that every mans a king- and Im the King around here, and dont you forget it. Contemporary audiences of Streetcar would have recognized, in Stanley, the male side of what was a new society-wide tension. The modest two-room flat that Blanche disdains is this working mans kingdom and he will rule. Stanleys exaggerated drive for domination indeed extends, at the end of the play, to the most extreme form of domination, rape.

Human resource management Management of physical resources Marketing Essay

Human resource management Management of physical resources Marketing Information systems - Essay Example They not only advice the managers on issues related to employees but also help the organization in achieving its objectives and aims. The International Business Machines have always emphasized on the paramount importance the employees hold in the organization. The founder of IBM had stated that they say a man is known for the company he keeps. We say in our business that a company is known by the man it keeps. At IBM, the overall human resource strategy focuses on four specific areas. These areas are business value, innovation, on demand infrastructure and global integration. IBMs HR strategy aims at identifying the characteristics of the company that energizes as well as motivates its employees. This is mainly because behind the overall strategy are the employees who work hard to make it all work. IBM has always been committed to a diversified workforce and always strives to attain candidates who are qualified and reflect the markets served by the organization. The IBM recruiting is strategically designed to reach the brightest professional talent. The organization works hard to motivate its employees through leadership, flexibility, a value based climate, performance based opportunities and by hiring diverse and talented people. At IBM, the Human resource is expected to achieve certain objectives. These include mainly to grow IBM, also the HR is to anticipate and build skills and lastly to lead transformation. The contribution of human resource development techniques at IBM ensures employee engagement. The employees are provided access to On Demand Workplace through which they access to a variety of tools and websites in order to build expertise and manage career. This includes E-learning; which is IBM’s central warehouse of all online courses that are offered by the IBM professionals, Career sites and tools; these enable the employees to not only identify opportunities but also to mark their progress as they proceed along their career path and to

Work placement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Work placement - Essay Example Second, I wanted to gain adequate knowledge about the actual responsibilities of a production engineer, which is what I am destined to be. Lastly, I intended to network so that I could have links when I finally graduate and launch job hunt. I reviewed my objectives to help me determine if my learning was on course. Even though my work was challenging, I managed to achieve most of my objectives. I now know what responsibility I will be charged with in the future, have vast knowledge and practical skills about production and also established a good network with various production engineers and other important people in the field of engineering. I also learnt how organizations operate and the challenges they face as well as some of the strategies they use to overcome production problems. However, I realized that it needs a longer duration to effectively learn how companies operate and overcome their problems. Additionally, I learnt about effective management skills, especially participative leadership, which includes all employees and ensure efficiency in the production process. I also learnt how the organization operates, their challenges and how they go about

The One Minute Manager Essay Example for Free

The One Minute Manager Essay Reflection: The one minute Manager I have found to be a dull, be good book. I believe it will help you run your business. One minute reprimands and one minute praisings are a good strategy to use in your business. I will definitely use them in my business, because I believe in them. When employees do something wrong they feel real bad, and doing a one minute reprimand followed by a praising helps them and you. It helps you because it makes them believe your on there side which you are and it helps them because they don’t feel as bad. Employees nowadays feel hatred towards there boss, trust me I know because when I work at Sweetbay a lot of the employees don’t like the boss. I’m not one of them of course I understand that she is doing her best for everyone’s interest. But what I may do is get her this book, maybe she’ll learn a thing or two. In my opinion all bosses should learn how to be a one minute manager. Being a one minute manager helps you increase your employability liking. Employees I know love to be praised, I’ve had that feeling several times. One minute reprimands help because they aren’t that long and praise follows it. I know from experience that employees don’t want to be talked to forever about something they did wrong even when it was an accident. The one minute manager is an excellent way to get to your employees. People who feel good about themselves Produce good results. Productivity/Effectiveness, TQM (total quality management) Adam Smith, quality is remembered long after price is forgotten. Post WWII helped build Europe and Asia One minute manager is someone who takes very little time to get big results from people. One minute praising, a praising is a celebration for something you did right for a minute And a One minute reprimand, a reprimand is a talk about something you did wrong. Blake/Mouton Grid: Willing and Able, Willing and unable, Unwilling and able, and Unwilling and Unable The best minute I spend is the one I invest in People AAA (Alcohol, Anonymous, Association) Serenity Prayer- God, grant me the ability of what I can change and what I can’t change and the wisdom to know the difference. Ronald Regan- Trust but verify You get what you inspect â€Å"Feedback is the breakfast of champions† NIMBY- Not In My Back Yard Everyone is a potential winner, some people are disguised as losers, don’t let there appearance fool you. Take a minute, look at your goals, look at your performance, and see if your behavior matches your goals Pay attention to the writing on the wall We are not just our behavior, we are the person managing our behavior Goals begin behaviors, Consequences maintain behaviors Share it with others; tell people how they can become a one minute manager tell them what it means to be one

Personal Narrative: My Crush :: essays research papers

It’s been a long time since I last wrote a letter for Douglas. He was really a special crush. My crush when I first set foot in Mindanao, from high school through early college years. For treasuring him that long, it was inevitable for a special place in my heart to be created for him. I remembered putting initials of letter â€Å"D† to some of my things just to show how much I claim him to be part of my life already. I remember how ecstatic I am every time I see him come home, we were neighbors before. And as I always say, our house were very close—only a row of plants separating both, its impossible we won’t get closer too. He was the most handsome man in my world and my exclusive crush for four years. But of course, when I went to college there were other handsome men (and they were really gorgeous) so Douglas no longer held an elite spot. It was shared but he was still the original crush and counting. That’s about another eight years. Now I am i n late 20’s and the special spot hidden somewhere in my heart started crying out months ago. And for all the busyness I have, it’s only now I am able to listen well to its weeping. Its crying because it knows it has to go and give up the spot to that special place in my heart where God is tidying and preparing for what we fondly call â€Å"God’s will†. See, God made something happen that now forces me to eradicate the spot. Douglas got married last 2005 to a girl from Manila. God allowed it to happen even if He knows that Douglas would surely cry if he knew how much I have treasured him in my heart for more than a decade! I can’t help but think of â€Å"shit† when I think of how much I wasted this special spot, special place in my heart crap. I wince every time I accidentally think of the fact that he is married without even acknowledging just an hour of my decade long devotion. I can’t help but think of how much less that girl deserv es Douglas because I was the one waiting and that girl was not even looking out their window to check if Douglas has come home from campus every weekend.

Wired Communication Media

Abstract Tons of data is transmitted on day to day basis from one point to another. Data comes in all various forms, physical and virtual. All different application comes with different requirements for data transfer. There is lots of data sitting at one place that needs to transmitted for various different purposes So, there is a definite need of transmitting data. Author in this paper is attempting to address all the possible available wires and cables in the wired communication media for transmission.Author will also be analyzing their history, invention, types, categories, applications, advantages and disadvantages of the transmitting channel available. Keywords: Data, Signals, Wires, Cables, ? Introduction Communication has been around since the beginning of the mankind in one form of another. Its existence is been recognized even before formal language came was formed. People have been communicating through various different vocal indications, signals and gestures. Almost all o rganization in the world relies on data and signals in some form of the other to run their regular operations and accomplish their goals.Data comes in all forms physical and virtual. Businesses need data, its transmission and storage for smooth functioning. The main concern is transmission of virtual data from one machine to another. This can be for various discrete reasons such as read-only, modifications and updating. Thus, a reliable means of communication is needed for transfer of data (William & Sawyer, 2007). There are plenty different kinds of communication media (channels) currently used to satisfy the growing needs of people. Communication media is largely divided into two groups wired media (conducting media) and wireless media.Wired media provides a path for the signal through wires (optical fiber is also included). It was the wired communication media which pioneered in transforming the way the people talked to one another over greater distances or through previously imp enetrable barriers. In wireless media, the communication medium is either air or the atmosphere or space through which the signal travels. Although the current trends are increasingly moving towards use of wireless communication systems but wired systems are still as elevant as they possibly have been because wires still an important element in achieving high speeds for both data and signal can either analog or digital. (Ray & Acharya, 2004). Need for Data Transfer In today’s data driven world, there is no cap on form or type of information that needs to be shared between employees, business partners and clients. Organizations just cannot trust anyone to handle their most sensitive data. Thus, a secured passage for data transmission from one device to another is certainly critical.Data usually is collection of lots of forms of information which needs to be stored and maintained for several as per needed purposes. It is normally stored on disks and tapes but when it needs to t ransmitted it needs to be converted into signals for transfer. In order for the travelling signals to transmit, there are different types of media available to facilitate communication. A type of them, wired media are briefly explained in the following section of this paper (Kittler , 1996). Wired Communication Media – Wires and CablesWired communication media typically refers to data transmission over a wire based communication technology. Wired communication generally refers to physical cabling within a network where the signals are transmitted onto the physical medium i. e. wires. These wires are no longer made up of metal, but glass. These are also called as conducting transmission technologies such as telephone network, internet access, cable television and fiber optic communication. Electromagnetism which is wave guide used for high power applications is also considered as wired line.Alternatively, transmissions of data which don’t rely on wires (cables) are cons idered as wireless communication technologies (William & Sawyer, 2007). There are several different conducting transmission technologies presently available for data transmission. Network requirement for each application can be different, so choosing the right type of transmitting media is very crucial. The different conducting media are discussed as below: Twisted pair wire It was invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1988. A twisted pair wire is made up of a pair of conducting copper wires twisted with each other over nsulation. The number of twisted pair wires within the outer insulation varies. The reason it’s called twisted wire because the two wires are insulated to prevent wire crossing are primarily twisted together. The twist and the outer insulation help to reduce lines from not only crossing and interfering with each other but also regulate the self and mutual induction. When two wires are running parallel to each other carrying a signal, the possibility of inductio n between them increases. When you hear else’s conversation while being on phone with your friend is a perfect example of it.This is called as crosstalk due to inductions. Such crosstalk is very low in lines passing perpendicular to each other. Thus, lines are twisted to avoid running parallel to each other as perpendicular is quite impossible. There are 7 different types of twisted pair wires available which are further divided into 7 categorized which are described as follows: †¢CAT – 1: Basically used to transmit analog voices. Provides speeds up to 1 Mbps. There used over the years has decreased drastically. †¢CAT – 2: It is almost identical to CAT- 1, but has slightly better performance in terms of attenuation.This kind can transmit data up to 4 Mbps. †¢CAT – 3: It provides speed up to 10 Mbps but the signal attenuates after distance of 100 meters. To mitigate this problem, a repeater can be used to transmit data over 100 meters with l ow attenuation. †¢CAT- 4: It provides speed up to 20 Mbps but they can transmit data only within 100 meters without much attenuation. †¢CAT- 5: With greater number of twisted pairs, they can transmit data at 100 Mbps providing much better quality of wires as compared to previous versions. †¢CAT- 5e: They can transmit data at 125 Mbps but can support up to 1000 Mbps on certain cases. CAT- 6: Their cost is almost same as prior categories but can provide speeds up to 200 Mbps. †¢CAT- 7: These category wires are heavily shielded but are rarely used because of their exceptional high costs. They can support higher speeds of 600 Mbps. Twisted pair wires can also further be classified into shielded twisted pair and the unshielded twisted pair. Shielded twisted pair carries an extra shield of insulation on top to avoid any external induction. All of the categories except CAT- 7 are available in both types.The reason CAT- 7 only comes in shielded form only due to its excep tionally high number of twists. It is been estimated that only a whole twisted pair wires can better serve a local area network of 100 meter range, being cost effective. Applications can be: †¢Computer networking †¢Ethernet cabling †¢Video applications such as security cameras †¢Telephone lines ? Coaxial Cable Coaxial cable was initially founded in 1929 but first used by AT&T in 1940. It consists of single copper wire which is surrounded by at least three layer containing an insulating material, braided wired and plastic coating.It conducts electrical signals via an inner conductor also called as main conductor usually made up of copper or stranded copper wire. This main conductor is a straight wire surrounded by dielectric which actually separates inner main conductor and outer metallic shield. The outer metallic shield is typically made up of from 1 to 4 layers of metallic braid and metallic plate reducing the attenuation by obstructing the outer inducing field s from reaching the inner main conductor. This functionality of coaxial wires allows transmitting analog signals over a broad range of frequencies.The final third layer protecting main conductor is jacket made usually up of thick plastic material. (Nahin, 2002) Please refer to figure 2 in appendix showing a coaxial cable construction with main conductor, dielectric, shield and jacket for better understanding. Coaxial cables are classified into two major categories depending upon the type of data they can transmit. These are: †¢Baseband coaxial cable: Thin baseband coaxial cables are usually used in local area network connecting computers and mainframe computers. They carry one way digital data at speeds up to 10 Mbps. †¢Broadband coaxial cable:Thick broadband coaxial cables are used to transmit analog signals mainly television signals are used to transmit analog signals. A certain disadvantage is even a small continuous current along the imperfect placed shield on any coax ial cable will cause visible or audible interferences. But, there is a major disadvantage using the above discussed two types of coaxial cables that is data theft. Data travelling through these types of wires can easily be trapped. However, fiber optic cables can be used to eliminate this problem. Fiber Optic Cable Fiber optic has made tremendous technological advances to transmit information in the last decade.Telecommunication has been completely revolutionized by this innovated material. The telecommunications currently use electricity, radio or light to send data, images and sound. Fiber optic cable is made up of nothing but a thin glass tube which covered with a plastic shield. It transmits data in form of light pulses instead of sound waves without any interruptions. Since the information is transported in form of light and not electricity, this completely disregards the possibility of degradation of signal and interference due to electrical noise.The photo diode on one cable end produces photons which travel at high speeds up to 100 Gps through the glass tube before it is collected by the photo receptor on the other receiving end of the cable. The fiber optic cable is made up of one or many thin fibers of glass or plastic of 50 to 125 micrometers in diameter which is approximately equivalent to thickness of a hair. It has a cylindrical region called nucleus which allows light propagation and the external zone of coaxial nucleus is called as coating, a plastic like cover. Please refer to figure 3 in the appendix for better understanding.The main advantage of using fiber optic cable is it does not facilitate data tapping and is capable of producing high speeds, over long distances with very low attenuation as compared to other wired cables. For example, it is capable of transmitting an encyclopedia set equivalent to 40 million words in one second. However, there is some attenuation caused due to reflections and refractions of the photons over the glass tu be. Fiber optic cables tend to be expensive but with the availability of cheap LED’s and photo diodes, make it much economical. There are basically two types of fiber optic cables: Single mode fiber – It facilitates data transmission with great speed over long distances. †¢Multi-mode fiber – They are further classified into two types: oMultimode step-index fiber: It is used to transmit data over short distances and in the conventional transference of images. oMultimode grated-index fiber: It is optimal medium to transmit data over intermediate distances. It has a refractive index of nucleus which gradually moves towards outside from center. Photonic Crystal Fiber Photonic crystal fibers were founded by the research group of Philip St. J.Russell in the 1990s. They are generally constructed with the same methods as optical fibers. It is a honeycomb structured wires where the glass tube containing holes carry light signals 10 times longer as compared to fiber optic cable (Dr. Paschotta, 2012). Please refer to figure 4a and 4b in appendix for better understanding. Photonic crystal fibers are mainly divided into two major categories: †¢Index Guiding fibers which has a solid core. †¢Photonic Bandgap or air guiding fibers which have periodic micro-structured elements and a core of low index material (e. g. ollow core). Applications for photonic crystal fibers include: †¢Fiber lasers and amplifiers which include high power devices. †¢Fiber optic sensors of several different kinds. †¢Telecom components such as dispersion control, filtering and switching. †¢Quantum optics. †¢Also for various other purposes such as spectroscopy, metrology, biomedicine, imaging, industrial machining, and military. Conclusion So far in this paper, author showed us the working, application and pros and cons of various wired transmission media. Nobody can decide the right medium on behalf of anybody.It really comes down to speed co st, availability, current system requirement, its integration and future upgrade for growing needs for any particular user. All this requirements are analyzed before any wiring installation is done. Hence, selection of wires according to their functionality plays a very important role in constructing a reliable network. Remember: Communication technology is always developing and you will always find new stuff for various purposes, so plan and select accordingly. ? References Dr. Paschotta, R. (2012, Sep 20). Photonic crystal fibers. Retrieved from ttp://www. rp-photonics. com/photonic_crystal_fibers. html Kittler , F. (1996). Journal of the history of communication media. Arthur and Marilouse Kroker Editors, Retrieved from http://hydra. humanities. uci. edu/kittler/comms. html Nahin, P. J. (2002). Oliver heaviside: The life, work, and times of an electrical genius of the victorian age. New York, NY: The John Hopkins University Press. Retrieved from http://books. google. com/books? i d=e9wEntQmA0IC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0 Ray, A. K. , & Acharya, T. (2004). Information technology: Principle and applications. 2nd ed. ). New Delhi, India: Prentice Hall of India Private Limited. Retrieved from http://books. google. com/books? id=iim25OLcUdYC&printsec=frontcover William, B. , & Sawyer, S. (2007). Using information technology. New York, NY: The McGraw-Hill Publishing Inc. Retrieved from http://books. google. com/books? id=WsAgAQAAIAAJ&q=William. B & Sawyer. S, 2007. Using Information Technology. The McGraw-Hill Publishing Inc: New York). &dq=William. B & Sawyer. S, 2007. Using Information Technology. The McGraw-Hill Publishing Inc: New York). &hl=en&sa=X&ei=v1kYUfO7G9Ot0AHJzYDgDw&ved=0CFYQ6AEwBQ

Forecasting techniques in tourism demand Essay

This summary is focused on showing the forecasting techniques used to determine the likely demand in tourism and argues that given the importance of the tourism sector to the economy of any tourist country, accurate forecasts of tourist arrivals are of importance for planning by both the private and public sectors. First we should answer the question what tourism is itself. It is obvious that tourism industry is not one company. It combines thousands of products and services. A company sets goals and uses its production, marketing and managerial resources to achieve them through its management process. And in tourism there are too many companies involved and too many goals are set, but almost everything in this industry depends upon the visitor numbers in other words demand. This is the main target of forecasting. It has been pointed out that forecasting is useful in shaping demand and anticipating it to avoid unsold inventories and unfulfilled demand. Moreover since consumer satisfaction depends on complementary services, forecasting can help to anticipate the demand for such services. As well it helps optimizing the use of public funds, in other words save money. It should be mentioned that a fall in demand can bring about decreases in living standards following the rise in unemployment, while increased demand can lead to higher employment, income, output and inflation as well may threaten environmental quality and sustainability. Moreover, tourism firms are confronted by changing revenue and profits and governments experience changing tax revenue and expenditure. Thus, tourism demand effect can be observed in all sectors of economy – households and individuals, public sector and private businesses. For example, decisions on tourist expenditures, the tourism markets structure and decision-making nature between them, cross-country linkages between tourism firms, the contribution of environmental resources and their relevance to policies for sustainable tourism have not been fully investigated and need further economic analysis. Aim. The paper is aiming on showing the existing forecasting techniques, their positive and negative features for better understanding the importance of demand forecasting in tourism, and the necessity of using these or those methods for obtaining the most accurate and precise results. It is obvious that one of the more complex aspects of tourism is the tourism demand. As a rule it is defined and measured in a variety of ways and at a range of scales. Generally, there are economic, psychological and social psychological methods used in forecasting. For example, decision to purchase holidays are often made with friends and family so that consumer demand theory based on individual decision-making must take account of individuals` and groups` social contexts. As well as the analysis of travel patterns and modes has been dominated by geographical analytical frameworks, while the study of demand outside economics tends to be underpinned by psychological or social psychological methods. ‘The many studies of tourism demand in different countries and time periods are reviewed by Archer, Johnson and Ashworth, Sheldon and Sinclair while Witt and Martin examined alternative approaches to tourism demand forecasting. ’ (Sinclair, 1997). The significance of tourism demand provides a strong case for better understanding of the decision-making process nature among tourists. In case of using an inappropriate theoretical framework in empirical studies of demand can result in incorrect specification to estimate tourism demand and biased measures of the responsiveness of demand to changes in its determinants. It should be mentioned that ‘empirical studies help to explain and understand the level and pattern of tourism demand and its sensitivity to changes in the variables it is dependant on. For example, it helps in observing income in origin areas, exchange rates between different destinations and origins as well as relative rates of inflation. This type of information is of importance to public sector policy-making and the private sector. ’ (Sinclair, 1997). But only in case of appropriate theoretical specification of the studying model used the estimates can be accurate and precise. Hence, explicit consideration of the consumer decision-making supporting empirical models is of importance in presenting the provided estimates are neither misleading nor inaccurate in their policy implications. Thus there are two approaches used to model tourism demand. First one is the single equation model and the second is the system of equation model. ‘The first one single equation model has been used in studies of tourism demand for numerous countries and time periods and states that demand is a function of a number of determining variables. ’ (Sinclair, 1997). This technique permits the calculation of the demand sensitivity to changes in these variables. Contrary to the first approach, the system of equations model requires the simultaneous estimation of a tourism demand equations range for the countries or types of tourism expenditure considered. The system of equations methodology tries to explain the sensitivity of the budget shares of tourism demand across a range of origins and destinations (or tourism types) to changes in the underlying determinants. There exists one more forecasting technique which is more recent and can be compared with the single equation approach. It is the Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS). (Maria De Mello,1999). This model is theoretically better than the mentioned above and offers a range of useful information concerning the sensitivity of tourism demand to changes in relative prices and in tourists` expenditure budget. This approach was used in examining the UK demand for tourism in its geographical neighbor-countries as France, Spain and Portugal. The result of such investigation indicated that ‘the UK demand for tourism in Spain increased more than proportionately with respect to a rise in the UK expenditure budget for tourism in three countries, the demand for tourism in France increased less than proportionately and the demand for tourism in Portugal remained stable. The sensitivity of the UK demand for tourism in Spain to changes in effective prices in Spain is increasing and exceeds the corresponding values of the sensitivities of the demand for tourism in France and Portugal to changes in French and Portuguese prices, respectively. (Maria De Mello,1999). ‘In contrast, the UK demand for tourism in Spain is insensitive with respect to changes in prices in its smaller Portuguese neighbour. The UK demand for Portugal is sensitive to changes in prices in Spain, although the degree of sensitivity appears to be decreasing over time, and the demand for France (Portugal) is insensitive with respect to a change in prices in Portugal (France)’(Maria De Mello,1999). So it is obvious that stability of demand in the face of rising prices may be observed as signals of success, and contrary outcomes mean a possible case for rethinking policy toward tourism demand. Scientists have used a variety of other forecasting techniques during the past decades for tourist industry. Among them are quantitative forecasting methods. They may be classified into two categories: causal methods (regression and structural models) and time series methods (basic, intermediate, and advanced explorative methods). For further explanation we should mention that causal methods represent methodologies for identifying relationships between independent and dependent variables and attempt to incorporate the interdependences of various variables in the real world. However, there is certain difficulty of applying the causal methods. It is identifying the independent variables that affect the forecast variables. So the accurateness and reliability of final forecast outputs made under causal methods depend on the quality of other variables. The second group of methods, time series quantitative methods, offers many advantages. It is pointed out that ‘the use at time t of available observations from a time series to forecast its value at some future time t+1 can provide a basis for (1) economic and business planning, (2) production planning, (3) inventory and production control, and (4) control and optimization of industrial processes’(Chen, 2003). Time series methods offer techniques and concepts facilitating specification, estimation and evaluation. They acquire more precise forecasting results than those yielded by causal quantitative techniques. It should be mentioned as an example that forecasting is complicated by the strong seasonality of most tourism series. It is pointed out that to see seasonality as a form of data contamination is one of typical approaches to the analysis of macroeconomic time series. This was the approach often used in many census and statistical departments. In the case of tourism analysis seasonality is integral to the process and is of high importance for the timing of the issuance of policy measures in addition to studying the long run trend. ‘As significant features of quantitative tourism forecasting (involving the numerical analysis of historical data) we see that while it is particularly useful for existing tourism elements, it is limited in its application to new ones where no previous data exists’. (Smith, 1996). This technique was used in forecasting potential UK demand for space tourism. Appendix 1, 2). (Barrett, 1999). As well univariate forecasting techniques may be used to forecast arrivals. This limited methodology relative to structural models allowing policy makers to determine how changes in particular variables can help to improve the industry. The weak point of the technique is that the models have no explanatory variables so it is difficult to interpret the individual components. Therefore, the forecasting record of many univariate models have considerable forecasting accuracy. Lim and McAleer employed univariate techniques to forecast quarterly tourist arrivals to Australia and to determine their forecasting accuracy using a variety of seasonal filters. Kulendran and King also employed a variety of models to rank forecasting performance of various tourist arrival series using seasonal unit root testing’ (Alleyne, 2002). Conclusions and Recommendations. It should be mentioned that forecasting techniques and forecasting itself have some weak points. Firstly, current forecasting is mostly the domain of policy makers. It is beneficial for three groups: public sector tourism organizations as it helps justify budget allocations; managers of public and private sector tourism projects as they may encourage investors, and the forecasters themselves. There are no actual benefits from forecasting for tourism operators and suppliers because the results are not actionable and unrelated to the real needs of the majority of tourism businesses. The problem with the results may be illustrated by such an example. (March, 1993). ‘The BTR’s â€Å"Australian Tourism Forecasts† report released in April 1990 forecasts 4. 85 million visitors by the year 2000. The BTR’s latest forecast for 2000 is 4. 824 million visitors. And only last month The Australian newspaper (Oct 12 1993:p. 6) reported the results of â€Å"a respected private sector forecaster† who has forecast 5. 33 million by the end of the decade’(March, 1993). So you see numbers keep changing and this is the evidence that sometimes the forecasting results become not actionable. Summarizing all the mentioned above we may say that there is a wide range of techniques used for forecasting demand in tourism. In this paper we mentioned only some of them which to our mind deserve attention and may be used in forecasting the demand. As you may see investigation of tourism demand involves specific problems because it has some special nature attributed to the complexity of the motivational structure concerning decision-making process as well as the limited availability of the necessary data for econometric modeling. Quantitative approach for tourism demand needs the framework of a formal mathematical model providing estimates of sensitivity to changes in the variables the demand depends on. Econometric modelling offers a good basis for accurate forecasting which is of great importance to the public sector making investments in the industry. The single equation model often ignores the dynamic nature of tourism demand, disregarding the possibility that the sensitivity of tourism demand to its determinants may differ between periods of time. The alternative model is the Almost Ideal Demand System. It is originally developed by Deaton and Muellbauer. This model not only permits the estimation of the complete set of relevant elasticities, but also allows for formal tests of the validity of the assumptions about consumer behaviour within the sample set of observations. The AIDS allows to test assumptions and estimate parameters in a way which is not possible with other alternative models. So for now, we may say that there are no completely bad or good techniques used for forecasting tourism demand. But there are preferable models for getting more accurate results. It is better using models based on old theoretical knowledge but with new trends able to cover all the necessary aspects in forecasting tourism demand.

monsoon wedding essays

monsoon wedding essays Essay on the movie Monsoon Wedding The movie Monsoon Wedding is quite purely about a typical Indian style wedding, showing us the random mistakes and mishaps that occur during this festive period. Although the wedding dominates much of the movie, Nair seems to be more interested in exploring the conflict between tradition and modernity, as well as the effects of the ever-encroaching Western culture on Indian life. Nair, who studied at Harvard University, obviously views that struggle through bittersweet eyes, something that must be embraced, but warily. Monsoon Wedding puts its characters on that same path of discovery, and this ebullient, joyous film lets you share the highs and lows of their journey. The idea of hardly knowing a person and be willing to commit the rest of your life to them is a concept that most people in todays society wouldnt even have thought twice about. Thats exactly what Monsoon Wedding is based upon, a traditional Indian pre-arranged marriage. This movie highlights the differences between North American culture and a traditional Indian culture. Throughout the entire movie there was instances that showed how a pre-arranged marriage could be just as successful as what we would consider a normal marriage. This is achieved through displaying a very traditional setting and wedding process, how close a family can stay although geographically distant, and that in Indian culture, no dating period is needed before getting married. Its amazing that India and many other countries can still stick to this tradition and continual making it as special as it very well is. From the flowers to the wedding dresses, the entire engagement and marriage process are traditionally Indian. In the opening scene of the movie the father of the bride, Lalit Verma, is holding a fallen marriage shrine. Marigolds were a main theme of the movie, considered a sacred ...

Weekly Teacher Parent Communication Through Newsletters

Weekly Teacher Parent Communication Through Newsletters In the elementary classroom, parent communication is a critical part of being an effective teacher. Parents want, and deserve, to know whats going on in the classroom. And, more than that, by being proactive in your communication with families, you can avoid possible problems before they even start. But, lets be realistic. Who really has the time to write a proper newsletter each week? A newsletter about classroom happenings may seem like distant goal that will probably never happen with any regularity. Heres a simple way to send a quality newsletter home each week while teaching writing skills at the same time. From experience, I can tell you that teachers, parents, and principals love this idea! Each Friday, you and your students write a letter together, telling families about what happened in class this week and whats coming up in class. Everyone ends up writing the same letter and the content is directed by the teacher. Heres a step-by-step guide for this quick and easy activity: First, pass out a piece of paper to each student. I like to give them paper with a cute border around the outside and lines in the middle. Variation: Write the letters in a notebook and ask parents to respond to each letter over the weekend. At the end of the year youll have a diary of communication for the entire school year!Use an overhead projector or chalkboard so that the kids can see what youre writing as you do it.As you write, model to the kids how to write the date and greeting.Make sure to tell the students to address the letter to whoever they live with. Not everyone lives with a mom and a dad.Ask for input from the kids about what the class did this week. Say, Raise your hand and tell me one big thing we learned this week. Try to steer the kids away from reporting only fun things. Parents want to hear about academic learning, not just the parties, games, and songs.After each item you get, model how you write it into the letter. Add a few exclamation points to show excitem ent. Once youve written enough of past events, youll need to add a sentence or two about what the class is doing the next week. Usually, this information can only come from the teacher. This also gives you an opportunity to preview for the kids about next weeks exciting activities!Along the way, model how to indent paragraphs, use proper punctuation, vary sentence length, etc. At the end, model how to sign off the letter properly. Tips and Tricks: Early finishers can color in the border around the letter. Youll find that, after the first few weeks, the students will get quicker at this process and you wont need to set aside so much time for it.Tell the kids that theres no excuse for incorrect spelling in their letters because youve written everything for them to see.Make a copy of each letter and, at the end of the year, youll have a complete record of each weeks highlights!Perhaps as kids get used to this process, you will decide to allow them to write the letters independently.You may still want to supplement the weekly newsletters with your own monthly or bi-monthly newsletter. This teacher-produced letter can be lengthier, meatier, and of greater scope. Have fun with it! Smile because you know that this simple Guided Writing activity helps kids to hone letter-writing skills while you accomplish an important goal of effective parent-teacher communication. Plus, its a great way to recap your week. What more can you ask for? Edited by: Janelle Cox

Company Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 4

Company Law - Essay Example This will be accomplished by setting out the main features of the limited liability company and the partnership. Once these features are set out, comparisons relative to the advantages of a registered limited liability company over a partnership can be explained and evaluated. The main legal benefits of a registered limited liability company is the existence of perpetual life, its separate legal personality from its incorporators and the limited liability of shareholders and other classes of owners and investors.2 Under UK company law, a company has limited liability status when the shareholders’ liability is limited to the amount that is â€Å"payable for the shares†.3 A registered company simply refers to the fact that the company is registered with the companies’ registrar and is a typical function of UK company law formalities.4 The concept of limited liability was first introduced in UK law under the Limited Liability Act 1855 conferring upon shareholders what was characterized as â€Å"conditional limited liability†.5 Liability was conditional upon providing â€Å"a minimal capital† which necessitated adding the word limited to the company’s name signaling the fact of liability.6 In 1856 the UK introduced the Joint Stock Companies Act which officially made limited liability unconditional. The Companies Act 1862 reflected the concept of limited liability and the era of limited liability was deeply entrenched in the UK’s corporate culture.7 Essentially, what limited liability means is that the shareholders of the company many not be held liable for the company’s debts â€Å"beyond the amount that he has chosen to invest†.8 In other words, if the company is unable to discharge its debts the shareholders cannot be personally liable for the shortfall. A limited liability company also enjoys the status of legal personality which