Why Mothers Come Back From The United States - 1853 Words

It has been noticed across the United States that new mothers are returning back to work earlier, rather than staying home on maternity leave for the approved 12-weeks. There have been many reasons expressed as to why mothers come back to work only six weeks after having a child, some of them astounding after seeing how we compare to the rest of the world. New mothers feel the pressure at work and they will miss out on a job promotion since they were gone for a marked period of time. Others are single parents and just cannot afford to stay at home without any additional income. Even mothers that are married and the spouse has a steady income, this can still be a factor as to why the mother would return to work early. Because they†¦show more content†¦Offering paid maternity leave is not only beneficial to the mother, but also to the company. I would like to go over the following points: address the current Family and Medical Leave Act; understand why maternity leave is important but also why it is better to offer this type of leave paid; as well as show how the United States compares to the United Kingdom and Australia. The Family and Medical Leave Act was first enacted in 1993 by President Bill Clinton. This act was instituted to ensure that those that needed the time off could actually take the time off and still have their job after returning from leave. The FMLA was started with many stipulations, most that many are familiar with. First, FMLA offers up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave that ensures the mother that their job is protected. The law also states that the associate applying for leave must qualify to take advantage of FMLA. If the associate qualifies, this means they work for a covered employer and must meet the following requirements: â€Å"Has worked for the employer for at least 12 months; Has at least 1,250 hours of service for the employer during the 12 month period immediately preceding the leave; [A]nd [w]orks at a location where the employer has at least 50 employees within 75 miles† (United States Department of Labor). FMLA also states that this benefit is a

Skittles Marketing Plan - 2356 Words

Skittles is a well-known, long-standing brand that has pleased consumers for generations. However, it is our contention that the name’s growth is stagnating, and needs to be revitalized based upon a core marketing goal: bring Skittles from simply a candy – something one consumes on a whim and forgets about – to a brand that engenders both value and feeling for consumers. With such a focus, the objective is to influence the seemingly minor consumer choice between confections in vending machines and on store shelves by linking a positive and pleasing emotion to the image of the brand. The intention is to achieve realistic, long-term financial goals, which will be controlled through measuring actual results against initial projections. The†¦show more content†¦Further research on candy sales has yielded an adjusted 50-70% industry average range for retail profit margins, suggesting a manufacturer-to-distributor price of $0.18 to $0.30 per bag.3 The secret t o profit is to make use of an intensive distribution, wherein Skittles are available in every store and vending machine possible. Since this is already the case, the only new distribution concerns that enter the marketing plan consist of seasonal products and Skittles vodka. Seasonal Skittles will be circulated through stores, as interchanging products in vending machines is significantly more difficult. However, â€Å"Absolut Rainbow† will rely on Absolut Vodka’s distribution network after product development. Distribution Distribution for the brand is already exceptional; it is rare to see a vending machine or candy display without at least one variety of Skittles. The current method of distributing the product is a mixture of pull and push strategies. Retailers of candy demand Skittles because they know that consumers will purchase them often enough to move product and produce profit, while Wrigley actively offers the product to said retailers, using their already-present pull force to facilitate even wider distribution. The above analysis leads to the belief that changing the basic distribution strategy is unwise, yetShow MoreRelatedNo matter the nature of your business, having a solid marketing plan behind you is essential. If700 Words   |  3 PagesNo matter the nature of your business, having a solid marketing plan behind you is essential. If you fail to advertise your products and services effectively, it will be difficult for your business to succeed. Understanding what makes a particular adv ertisement effective allows you to tailor your own marketing plans and achieve better results. Memorable In order to be effective, an advertisement has to be memorable for the viewer. 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Resistance Training And Its Effect On Resting Metabolic Rate

The incidence of obesity has increased over the past several decades. In the United States, 68% of adults are either overweight or obese, and 33% of the population is obese (Miller et al., 2012). Obesity is associated with comorbidities such as hypertension, type I and II diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and a variety of musculoskeletal disorders. The incidence of obesity and its comorbidities can be prevented and modified with the identification of certain risk factors such as low levels of physical activity and decreased energy expenditure that predispose an individual to obesity. The following research addresses resting metabolic rate (RMR), its effects on caloric balance, and the effects of physical activity. This review of†¦show more content†¦The thermic effect of food is the energy expenditure associated with food digestion and absorption, accounting for 10% of total energy expenditure. Activity thermogenesis is the energy expenditure during activity and contributes to 15-30% of total energy expenditure (Levine, 2005). The component of total energy expenditure that an individual can alter the most is activity thermogenesis by increasing ones physical activity levels, allowing for a greater total of large muscle movements (Akbulut Rakicioglu, 2011). For activity to occur, the body must supply the muscles with adenosine triphosphate, ATP, which is a form of energy that allows processes such as muscle contraction to occur. Calorie expenditure is needed to produce ATP. Energy expenditure during exercise is increased by lengthening the duration and increasing the intensity of exercise (Levine, 2005). The third component of total energy expenditure is BMR. BMR is an individual†™s energy expenditure at complete rest and typically is measured directly after an individual wakes up in the morning. BMR accounts for approximately 60%-75% of total energy expenditure (Visser, Duerenberg, Staveren, Hautvast, 1995). Resting and basal metabolic rate are similar and often are used interchangeably. BMR requires the subject to spend the night in a hospital or laboratory. It is measured first thing in

Healthy Living For Homeless Families Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(187) " upsets and lending to the increased prevalence of ill controlled diabetes, high blood pressure and cholesterin \( 10 \) , all good established hazard factors for Cardiovascular disease\." Chronic diseases are the prima causes of decease and disablement nation-wide. Populations with economic and societal unfairnesss are unreasonably affected by chronic disease, predominately fleshy and fleshiness. Statisticss have shown the incidence of all chronic diseases is higher for people in the two lowest-income groups than for those in the three upper-income groups ( 1 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Healthy Living For Homeless Families Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Overweight and fleshiness are the major signifiers of malnutrition in stateless households ( 2 ) and mortality rates of the homeless in North America are at least 3-5 times greater than that seen in the general populations of Canada and the U.S ( 3 ) . Low income groups besides engage in more high hazard behaviours, such as coffin nail smoke, unhealthy diet, and deficiency of physical activity, than groups with higher incomes ( 1 ) . Interventions concentrating on the primary bar of chronic disease utilizing physical activity and nutrition instruction in the low-income population have been developed and reviewed in the yesteryear. These intercessions proved to hold successful result steps within participants, including an addition of fruit and vegetable ingestion, physical activity and healthy weight loss. There has been deficient committedness at the national, province and local degrees to implement policies and give support and resources to the enlargement of comprehensive primary preventive plans that deliver services to this alone population. Statement of Problem The intent of this survey is to find the effectivity of a community-based nutrition instruction and physical activity intercession plan to a low-income population. The intercession will be designed and facilitated by a Loma Linda University nutrition alumnus pupil. Workshops will be implemented in traditional group Sessionss dwelling of one hr each hebdomad for five hebdomads. Participants are enrolled in the Inland Temporary Homes plan in Loma Linda, California. Fundss for the plan will be provided by the City of Loma Linda through the awarded California Healthy Cities grant. Hypothesis: Will the nutrition and lifestyle intercession plan have positive wellness results of participants harmonizing to evaluated informations from pre and station intercession study ‘s and pre and station intercession trials? 90 % of the participants will go to all five workshops. 90 % of participants will reply more inquiries right on the post-test than on the comparable pretest. 90 % of participants will increase fruit and vegetable ingestion compared to their pre-intervention study. 90 % of participants will increase physical activity compared to their pre-intervention study. 60 % of participants, harmonizing to pre and station study consequences, will travel up one phase of alteration from baseline towards the action stage as evaluated utilizing the Transtheoretical Model. Null Hypothesis: There will be no difference between the pre and station intercession studies of the participants measuring the effectivity of the nutrition and physical activity intercession. Boundary lines: Boundary lines of this survey include geographical location, cost measuring and the rating of one workshop. Participants are limited to those of the Inland Temporary Homes located in Loma Linda, CA. The consequences of this survey may non be generalized to other locations or income categories. Four sets of workshops are offered to participants each twelvemonth. This survey will merely include the consequences from one of the Sessionss. Restrictions: Language and literacy barriers may be restrictions of the survey. This survey will be limited by the self-reporting truth of the participants. Specifically, participants will be asked to supply information on statements of their personal life style wonts, nutritionary, physical activity degree. Any inaccuracy of these self-reports may impact the survey consequences. The research worker has no control over who attends the workshop and how many abodes will take part during the evaluated workshop. Premises: The undermentioned premises are made: a ) the participants ‘ self-report on the study is honorable, accurate, and complete. Operational Definitions: Inland Temporary Homes: a non-profit organisation that provides lodging, rehabilitation, and ongoing support to homeless households throughout the Inland Empire. Transtheoretical Model: Assesses an person ‘s preparedness to move on a new healthier behaviour, and provides schemes, or procedures of alteration to steer the person through the phases of alteration to action and care. Chapter 2 Literary Review Population Background Homelessness is a quickly intensifying job in both rural and urban United States. Health jobs associated with homelessness documented throughout literature show that about 40 % of stateless persons are reported to hold some type of chronic disease ( 4 ) including increased rate of cardiovascular and infective diseases ( 5 ) along with inordinate rates of substance ( baccy, intoxicant and cocaine ) maltreatment ( 6 ) . Many of these instances, nevertheless, travel un-reported. In the United States, more than 50 % of the stateless deficiency wellness coverage ( 7 ) , doing diagnosing and intervention of their cardiovascular hazard factors even more ambitious. Overweight and fleshiness are the major signifiers of chronic disease and malnutrition in stateless households. Corpulent is defined as holding a BMI of 30 or greater and being morbidly corpulent is holding a BMI of over 40 ( 8 ) . Bing fleshy or corpulent is associated with many diseases and conditions such as: coronary bosom disease, high blood pressure, shot, malignant neoplastic disease, increased cholesterin and triglycerides, sleep apnea and gynaecological jobs ( 8 ) . Dietary Habits of Low-Income Population Homeless people eat nutrient prepared, by municipal and charity shelters, drop-in centres, fast nutrient eating houses, 24-hour convenience shops and from refuse bins ( 3 ) . Research suggests that because diets high in refined grains, added sugars, and added fats by and large cost less than healthful diets composed of thin meats, whole grains and fresh fruits and veggies, the low-income population has greater exposure to an unsanitary diet ( 9 ) . Calorie-dense, processed and nutritionally unequal nutrient points are easy accessible in low-income vicinities and more cost-efficient options to healthier nutrient picks. Devouring these nutrient points may lend to fleshy and fleshiness and lead to chronic disease in the low-income population. Datas on the nutritionary consumption of stateless population is slightly limited. However, most surveies report a high prevalence of inadequate or unbalanced food, vitamin and mineral consumption puting the homeless at hazard for nutrition-related upsets and lending to the increased prevalence of ill controlled diabetes, high blood pressure and cholesterin ( 10 ) , all good established hazard factors for Cardiovascular disease. You read "Healthy Living For Homeless Families Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples" Luder et Al ( 11 ) revealed that stateless people ‘ s diets are frequently high in concentrated fats and cholesterin and inadequate in indispensable foods, lending to adverse lipid profiles. Another survey of nutritionary position among a group of grownup stateless adult females found that recommended day-to-day allowances ( RDA ‘s ) were normally exceeded for Na and saturated fats, both of which are independently associated with increased cardiovascular disease hazard ( 12 ) . Intervention Programs Targeting the Low-Income Population Interventions concentrating on bar of chronic disease with purposes to change physical activity and nutritionary wonts have been developed and reviewed in the yesteryear. Outcome measures for these plans have shown an addition of fruit and vegetable ingestion, physical activity and fat decrease ( 1 ) . Intervention plans targeted at low-income audiences with the most successful results tend to be delivered in an synergistic ocular format, to be culturally appropriate, supply trim stuffs, administered in accessible primary attention scenes, and to give inducements to move on the information provided ( 1 ) . Nutrition intercession plans with successful results involved some signifier of nutrient readying and tasting ( 1 ) . The end of this attack was to turn to the 5 -A -Day message ( devouring 5 helpings of fruits and veggies per twenty-four hours ) with vibrant shows, while supplying participants with an chance to savor and smell alimentary nutrient samples in a comfy acquisition environment. Educators besides demonstrated easy and cheap ways to fix and function veggies and fruit, and provided participants with promotional take-home stuffs such as formulas, booklets, spines and magnets ( 1 ) . A gulf between diet and wellness among low-income groups calls for nutrition intercessions that educate low-income households on cheap, healthful feeding and chronic disease bar in a structured environment. This literature reappraisal will assist set up the principle for planning and implementing a nutrition and lifestyle intercession plan aiming the homeless population. The intent of this reappraisal is to detect and compare assorted methods of plans developed for the aforesaid population to better program and implement the intercession plan. Overview of Intervention Programs A figure of intercession schemes advancing primary bar and wellness have been intended to better the nutritionary position of the stateless population. Interventions ranged in a assortment of attacks from traditional group Sessionss taught by wellness professionals, peer-led workshops, one-on-one guidance and home-based telephone and mail intercessions to multimedia schemes and experiential activities such as nutrient presentations, educational picture and group exercisings ( 1 ) . One survey ( 13 ) implemented and evaluated an educational plan for female parents who resided in a homeless shelter. The aim was to better the nutritionary position of stateless kids ages 18 months to 6 old ages. Mothers ‘ cognition of nutrition was tested before and after plan engagement. Four lessons aiming the nutritionary demands of immature kids based on growing and development demands were designed and addressed by a registered dietician. Classs were offered over a nine moth period and each category lasted an hr. As an inducement to promote engagement, female parents ‘ who completed all four categories were given bus base on ballss for one hebdomad, and their kids were given a healthy bite. Subjects for the four lessons were: Benefits of Beverages, Building Strong Bones and Muscles, Healthy Meal Choices, and Nutritious Snack Ideas. Teaching stuffs, press releases, and category activities were developed in a low-literacy format. Teaching stuffs were visually appeali ng, with a assortment of colourss and images. Ocular presentations were used to demo the differences in fat and sugar in healthy and non-healthy nutrient points. Consequences of the intercession found that female parents significantly scored higher on each post-test than on the comparable pretest ( 14 ) . Theory of Framework The bulk of intercessions incorporated theoretical theoretical accounts or were guided by theories. Such documented theories included the transtheoretical ( phases of alteration ) theoretical account, societal cognitive theory theoretical account, the societal ecological model, the community intercession theoretical account, and the wellness publicity manner ( 1 ) . These theories were tailored to the participants ‘ conceptual adulthood. The Transtheoretical Model ( TTM ) will be used as a model for the intercession. Participants may be in different phases of the TTM throughout the plan, and the plan will on each phase of alteration so that everyone participating may profit. Nutritional Counseling in Intervention Methods of nutrition reding with behavioural dietetic guidance have proved good in increasing low-income grownups ‘ long term alterations in ingestion of fruit and veggies ( 14 ) . The combination of turn toing the importance of fruit and vegetable ingestion and its benefits to wellness with specific, individualized advice and short-run and long-run goal-setting proved to bring on alteration in this population. Steptoe et Al ( 14 ) compared brief nutrition reding with behavioural dietetic guidance in a primary attention puting. Each 15- minute audience was supported with written information, and an overall mark was to increase the consumption of veggies and fruit from baseline degrees. The nutrition reding group received instruction about the importance of increasing the consumption of veggies and fruit, and the nutritionary benefits were emphasized. The behavioural group was given reding tailored to each individual ‘s demands harmonizing to motivational preparedness, wit h personalized, specific advice and short-run and long-run end scene. Both methods of reding proven good in increasing low-income grownups ‘ ingestion of veggies and fruit. Incentives Incentives were used in many intercessions to promote engagement and/or straight affect results. Incentives can be used to increase engagement and battle in the acquisition activities. Surveies have demonstrated that low-income populations may profit from inducements such as nutrient vouchers to better the affordability of veggies and fruit, and therefore increase ingestion ( 1 ) . These surveies provide grounds that authorities attempts should concentrate on taking the barriers of cost and handiness of healthy nutrients by turn toing societal and economic factors that will extenuate wellness unfairnesss. Drumhead The reviewed literature provided positive results of step on ends of increasing nutritionary position and cognition of low-income participants. Nutrition intercessions aimed at low-income audiences tend to be delivered in an synergistic ocular format, are culturally appropriate, administered in accessible scenes, and give inducements to move on the information provided. Get the better ofing barriers refering to this population is of concern when planning this intercession plan. These barriers include low literacy, handiness, cognition and skill degree, and deficiency of clip and money. Experiential activities such as cooking presentations, group exercisings, and synergistic pictures have been used as schemes to turn to these barriers. Suggestions for polish of intercessions included: kid attention for care-givers and convenient timing of categories, integrating motivational factors impacting female parents ‘ abilities to use wellness publicity, and turn toing other factors other than instruction, such as life style, that affect healthy behaviours. Chapter III Methods The intent of this survey is to measure the effectivity of a community-nutrition intercession plan for low-income occupants take parting in the Inland Temporary Homes plan in Loma Linda, CA. Residence of Inland Temporary Homes will be take parting in a series of nutrition and lifestyle workshops. The plan is designed to increase the cognition of wellness and nutrition while advancing healthy life and feeding in a community of predominately low income households. Chapter III is an overview of the research participants, plan design and execution of the nutrition intercession. Survey Participants Participants of the survey are limited to low-income grownups ( ages 18 and older ) who presently participate in the Inland Temporary Homes ( ITH ) . Inland Temporary Homes is a non-profit organisation that provides lodging, rehabilitation, and ongoing support to homeless households throughout the Inland Empire ( 15 ) . Inland Temporary Homes is a nurturing place environment where households can emerge self-empowered with the cognition and tools to re-establish themselves in the community. Applications to inscribe in the plan are considered throughout the twelvemonth although infinite in the places is limited. Throughout their 60-90 twenty-four hours residence, it is required that each grownup complete certain plans. One of the plans is go toing the City of Loma Linda ‘s series of nutrition workshops. Engagement in the Nutrition Workshop depends on when occupants enroll in the ITH plan and managers facilitate who attends the five hebdomad session of categories during the twelve month. Nutrition Workshops are offered four times a twelvemonth to suit for new enrollees and to do certain each occupant gets the chance to take part. Past workshops have accommodated anyplace from three to fifteen participants during a given session of categories. Once occupants of Inland Temporary Homes have been rehabilitated, they re-enter back into the work force with their households. Many of the participants find lodging in Loma Linda ‘s North Central Neighborhood. Study Design The survey will be a formative rating research survey focused on run intoing the plan, behavioural and learning aims. Knowledge of nutrition and physical activity will be tested before and after engagement in the plan. Pre-and post-intervention studies will besides be filled out by participants. The intercession calls for a upper limit of 15 participants to go to a 60 minute seminar together one time per hebdomad for a sum of five hebdomads. Weekly seminars will be developed and facilitated by a current MPH/Nutrition pupil at Loma Linda University and tailored to increase consciousness and cognition of the importance of physical activity, increasing fruit and vegetable ingestion and schemes relevant to accomplishing a healthy diet and life style and cut downing chronic disease hazard. Incentives A alimentary repast will be prepared for participants at each workshop. Free nutrient is a great inducement for participants to go to the workshop. Free kid attention during the workshop will besides be offered to those who have little kids and cut down restrictions to go to. Participants will have a booklet consisting of reading stuff for each lesson program. Each hebdomad after the lesson, inquiries will be asked to the participants. If they answer the inquiries right, they will able to pick from a assortment of healthy nutrient options and awards. Participants will be able to maintain workshop stuff and booklets after go toing the fifth and concluding workshop. These inducements will heighten engagement within the population and attain attending throughout the full series of workshops. Meal Engagement A healthy and alimentary repast will be prepared for participants at the beginning of each workshop. Some repasts will include synergistic engagement from occupants. For illustration, a pizza crust along with shredded veggies will be premade and displayed and participants will be responsible to add veggies and low-fat cheese to their pizza. This battle of activity with the repasts will let participants to prosecute in merriment and healthy behaviours in a hands-on environment. Each formula prepared for category will be simple and easy to follow, low-cost and easy for participants to seek at their ain place with their households. Recipes for the highlighted repast will be given to each participant each hebdomad. Lesson Plans Each hebdomad a different subject will be covered. The subjects covered by hebdomad will be: 1. Introduction to the Food Guide Pyramid, 2. Reading a Label, 3. How to Shop in a Grocery Store, 4. The Basics of Cooking and Snacking and 5. Why Should You Trouble oneself with Nutrition? Videos will besides be shown during category as synergistic acquisition tools. Group engagement and treatment will be encouraged each hebdomad. This will give participants the opportunity to inquire inquiries, talk with each other, job solve and be accompanied by a nutrition pupil who can help them with any barriers they may hold sing the subjects. After each session, participants will compose down short term and long term ends they would wish to accomplish. The group atmosphere will promote participants to remain accountable of their ends. Data Collection and Procedures Measures and Interpretation Pre and post trial and studies will be conducted to mensurate and construe the effectivity of the intercession. The trials and studies will be administered in a manner so that the participant will remain anon. , but besides so the pre and station information can be compared on the same individual. Each set of studies and trials will hold a figure from 1 through 15 on the upper right manus corner. Each participant will randomly pick a set of documents and must retrieve the figure on their paper. Merely the participant will cognize their figure. A piece of paper will be handed out so that participants can compose down their name on the line matching to the figure they randomly picked. This paper will be kept in a safe topographic point in instance participants bury their figure. At so terminal of the intercession, studies and trials will besides hold Numberss 1 through 15. Each participant will be asked to make full out the study and trial inquiries from the paper with the same figure they had during the pre-survey and pre-test. This will let the participants to experience more comfy reacting to the inquiries without uncovering themselves to the pupil. It will besides let comparing ratings to be determined for each participant. Surveies will utilize simple footings and be easy to read. Surveys will give participants the ability to turn to what they would wish to larn from the category and how good the category was for them. This will let the pupil to turn to specific issues within the lessons. Participants will be able to measure how they felt about the category anonymously with the manager of Inland Temporary Homes, and the information will be directed back to the pupil research worker. Surveies ( see appendix ) will besides inquire participants sing ; how frequently they visit fast nutrient constitutions, how many times they eat inside the place, soft drink and intoxicant ingestion, fruit, veggie, whole grain, dairy and meat ingestion, if they read nutrient labels, how many yearss per hebdomad they engage in physical activity and preparedness for alteration. The study will measure their phase of alteration in conformity to the Transtheoretical Model. Participant ‘s phase will be measured at the beginning and at the terminal of the intercession utilizing two methods. Measured on a graduated table of one to ten ( one being least confident, 10 being most confident ) participants will be asked to mensurate their current preparedness to increase fruit and vegetable ingestion from baseline ingestion and their self-efficacy to accomplish this end. Participants will besides be asked to weigh the Pros and Cons of increasing fruit and vegetable ingestion. Precontemplation is the phase in which people are non meaning to take action in a six month period. In this phase, the Pros of fruit and vegetable ingestion far outweighs the Cons and self-efficacy tonss are low because they may be uninformed about the wellness benefits or held back by fiscal agencies or other grounds. Contemplation is the phase in which participants are meaning to alter in the following six months. In this phase, the Pros and Cons are more equal and self-efficacy mark may be mean. In the Preparation, Action and Maintenance phases, the Cons of fruit and vegetable ingestion outweigh the Pros and self-efficacy tonss are comparatively high ( 16 ) . The pre and station trials ( see appendix ) will inquire inquiries refering to the lesson programs throughout the five hebdomads. Trials will inquire consecutive forward inquiries and be of appropriate literacy degree. Test tonss will be measured to measure if cognition was gained as a consequence of the lesson programs. Ethical Considerations The IRB regulations and ordinances will be followed during the class of this survey. Participants will be informed that any information they provide in respects to studies and trials will be kept confidential and non attached to anything that will take to the designation of the person who provided the information. Information provided will non specifically place the supplier of information. The pupil research worker must be a Certified Food Worker in the county of San Bernardino in order to fix and manage nutrient decently for the workshops. Protocols There will be no prejudice refering to the research worker sing the population, category treatments or results of the ratings. All information from participants will be kept confidential and merely accessible to the pupil research worker who will analysis the informations. Pre-and post-tests and studies will be graded and consequences will be implemented into SPSS by the pupil research worker. Data Measurement and Analysis Datas from the studies will be entered into the SPSS plan and consequences evaluated. Pre and station trials will be graded manually by the pupil, and that information will be entered into SPSS for rating. To find the phase of alteration pre and station intercession, both the graduated table and list of pros and cons will be evaluated pre and station intercession by the pupil and entered into SBSS for comparing. The effectivity of the intercession will be determined by the consequences of the participants pre and station studies, trials, and rating of phase of alteration. Budget The City of Loma Linda with the fiscal assistance of the California Healthy Cities Grant aimed to better nutrition and the quality of life among the low income occupants of Inland Temporary Homes. The grant enables the City of Loma Linda to engage a pupil houseman from the Loma Linda School of Public Health, Nutrition Department as the Nutrition and Wellness Educator. The financess will patronize the workshops for Inland Temporary Homes. Annual Cost of Workshop ( For 15 Participants ) Forces Cost: -Student Intern $ 1,000 -Child Care $ 200 Supplies: -Prizes- $ 100 -Folders $ 20 -Printed Material $ 50 Food A ; Beverage: $ 800 Transportation system: $ 100 Facility: $ 250 Entire COST $ 2,520 Mentions Chaudhary N. Kreiger N. Nutrition and Physical Activity Interventions for Low-Income Populations. Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research. 2007 ; 68:201-206. Schwarz K, Garrett B, Hampsey J, Thompson D. High Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Homeless Baltimore Children and Their Health professionals: A Pilot Study. MedGenMed. 2007 ; 9 ( 1 ) :48. Jones C, Perera A, Chow M, Ho I, Nguyen J, Davachi S. Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among the Poor and Homeless-What We Know So Far. Current Cardiology Reviews. 2009 ; 5:69-77. Plumb J. Homelessness: attention, bar, and public policy. Ann Intern Med. 1997 ; 126:973-975. Schanzer B, Dominguez B, Shrout PE, Caton CLM. Home-lessness, wellness position, and wellness attention usage. Am J Public Health. 2007 ; 97:464-469. Chau S, Chin M, Chang J, et Al. Cancer hazard behaviours and testing rates among stateless grownups in Los Angeles County. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2002 ; 11:431-438. Burt MR. Helping America ‘s Homeless. Washington, DC: Urban Institute Press ; 2001. ( Statistics in this brief are based on the 1996 National Survey of Homeless Assistance Providers and Clients, conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau: 1996 ) . Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. ( 2008, 2009 ) . Childhood Overweight. Retrieved January 13, 2010 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnp a/obesity/childhood/index.htm Dammann K, Smith C. Factors Affecting Low-income Women ‘s Food Choices and the Perceived Impact of Dietary Intake and Socioeconomic Status on Their Health and Weight. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior. 2009 ; 41 ( 4 ) :242-252. Strasser JA, Damrosch S, Gaines J. Nutrition and the homeless individual. J Commun Health Nursing. 1991 ; 8:65-73. Luder E, Boey E, Buchalter B, Martinez-Weber C. Assessment of the nutritionary position of urban homeless grownups. Public Health Rep. 1989 ; 104:451-457. Hu FB, Willett WC. Optimal diets for bar of coronary bosom disease. JAMA. 2002 ; 288:2569-2578. Yousey Y, Leake J, Wdowik M, Janken J. Education in a Homeless Shelter to Better the Nutrition of Young Children. Public Health Nursing. 2007 ; 24 ( 3 ) :249-255 Steptoe A, Perkins-Porras L, McKay C, Rink E, Hilton S, Cappuccio Fp. Behavioural reding to increase ingestion of fruit and veggies in low income grownups: randomized test. BMJ 2003 ; 326:885-861 Inland Temporary Homes. Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ithomes.org/ . Accessed February 13, 2010. Prochaska, J.O. , et Al. Detailed Overview of the Transtheoretical Model. Retrieved 11/06/09 from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.uri.edu/research/cprc/TTM/detailedoverview.ht How to cite Healthy Living For Homeless Families Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Bodyline free essay sample

In the time of the 1932-33 Ashes Tour, bodyline tactics were found responsible for the strain on imperial relations between Australia and England. Heavvy social and political influences promoted the significance of the Ashes series and caused great reactions by players, management, spectators and primarily the media. The pressured relations between Australia and the Empire during the Ashes series made the game of cricket reach wider margins than what took place on the cricket field. It impacted on elements of society and even extended to political spheres. Cricket had Just reached a high point as a form of colonial consolidation as the English believed it to be a bonding agent to draw its dominions closer to the Empire. As Lord Hawke stated in his introduction to imperial cricket, The greatest game in the world is played where ever the Union Jack is unfurled, and it has no small place in cementing the ties that bond together every part of the Empire This quote elucidates the importance of cricket, at such an early stage in time. We will write a custom essay sample on Bodyline or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It also implies that cricket wasnt Just a game; it was the key to successful relations between England and all of its dominions. Cricket in fact was used as a metaphor for life. Many saw the game as an association of ideas and a tutor of self control and physical training. Moreover, the English believed it to be a test of colonial progress and the reinforcement of imperial standard. The implementation of the bodyline tactic was the central cause to the pushed relations between Australian and English players, and between Jardine and English Amateurs. The reality of England being dominated by Australia in a game that was a national pastime was absurd to Jardine, thus he came up with the bodyline tactic to eliberately injure and intimidate the Australian batsmen- particularly Don Bradman. Jardine completely disregarded Englands concept of strengthening bonds of the Empire as his greatest ambition was to regain the Ashes in 1932, at all costs. Bodyline, what Jardine referred to as leg theory, was perfected by Larwood and Voce who would bowl fast, high and in line with the Australian batsmen bodies. The Australian batsmen would either duck, allow the ball to strike them or attempt to play a hook shot. But often they would be caught Offa nick or seriously injured. Bodyline as clearly an attempt to dismiss rather than restrict. There are two teams out there. One is playing cricket, the other is making no attempt to do so. - Bill Woodfull. This infamous quote clearly outlines the diminishing relations and somewhat rising hatred between Aussie skipper, Woodfull and the English eleven, particularly Jardine and Larwood. The Australian cricket team claimed that the English played within the law but outside the spirit of the game. Relations between Jardine and his fellow amateurs were also deteriorating, specifically with Gubby Allen who disagreed with odyline and refused to bowl it for Jardine, causing inside disputes between them. The impact of the Great Depression also strained trade and diplomatic relations between England and Australia prior to the Ashes Tour. In 1930, Australia asked the ernment to allow them to deter an interest payment ot 2 million pounds. The Brits were concerned about the state of the Australian economy so they sent Sir Otto Niemeyer to assess the situation and give Australia the necessary advice for its financial problems. Niemeyer was a symbol of London financial imperialism. He advocated an end to Australian protectionism. The Australian market began to decrease its imports from Britain as local products were more appealing. This enactment created the anger of traditional British exporters and strained trading relations between Australia and the mother country. The Niemeyer visit clearly provoked a political storm around Australia as many had opposing views and solutions to Australias financial issues. The British Government began converting its own loans to 3 per cent to benefit its own population but continued to charge Australia 6 per cent. This did nothing to improve Anglo-Australian relations as they ere already strained by the Niemeyer visit. The incidents that had occurred in Adelaide caused heavy reactions by the players of Australia, the management, and spectators at Adelaide Oval. After scoring a duck, Bradman took action by appealing to the BOC who denied him and would not support his protest. it is practically impossible for even our leading batsmen to make runs against the present type of English attack(bodyline) without getting at least one or two sever cracks. said Don Bradman in a radio broadcast. These incidents show how much of an impact bodyline had made on our hero, Bradman. It lso underlies how Bradman began to dislike Jardine and his Englishmen. The BOC reacted to the incidents at Adelaide by sending a cable to the MCC to negotiate the continuance of the Ashes series. The MCC felt offended and denied being unsportsmanlike. The BOC reacted by holding an urgent meeting where there was some speculation that they may take action. Plum Warner also grew a grudge against his own English captain- Jardine, as he stated that the real trouble is Jardine. Warners overall reactions to the incidents in Adelaide were relatively sympathetic towards the Australians as he apologised to Woodfull in the dressing rooms during he game. The Australian crowds were very patriotic to Australia and loud and boisterous during the events of Woodfull and Bert being struck by Larwoods uprising deliveries. The anger of the Adelaide crowd was reaching boiling point. 200 to 400 troops were on standby in case the crowd Jumped the fence. Jardine said to his team mates to take a stump for self defence. This clearly delineates how furious the crowds reaction was to Jardines bodyline tactic. The Australian media and the English medias reaction was one of the most significant reactions to the bodyline tactic in 1932-33 as they persuaded and altered he Australian public opinion and English public opinion. Although both the Australian and English media were of great importance, they both were subjective and differential in their views of the Ashes series. The test matches played in 1932-33 were as significant in England as in Australia. The English reaction to the test series were expressed through their newspapers which published extensive reports of the test matches which were very different from the Australian newspaper reports. The leg theory proves that the people hit are very slow on the feet, and it is not always the It said Harold Gilligan in Age, 1 J n 1933 Note that bodyline is referred to as leg theory intentionally to give it a euphemistic view and to persuade the English public that it is of no harm whatsoever. unskilful batting rather than dangerous bowling, caused the loss of the wickets and the injuries. This line from the Age newspaper really emphasises how bias the English reporters were and what minimal knowledge they had of the Ashes test series in Australia. The Australian media swamped their newspaper headlines and radio topics with furious bodyline reports which ultimately turned the Australian public against the Empire.